'I rifmnc Extras Lecture and Letter Scries. 



there is no doubt that tin- fact- which have b -en men- 

 tion. '! an- ]n r.'.-ctly true. Experimenting on ;i rabbit 

 n elaBfl In the I 'n\<-r>itv ol New-^ork, I liatl 

 M '1 In thi-iii tli:it pusliini; til- in Uruim-nt as I 



-., oal to do along the cord, would be quite enough 



to kill the annaal imm.-diatcly. i'ol -tun itrU -fur me, I 

 h;nl said tli.n ili-it!i was ihii- to tin- IH-IIIO: rhaj. r e ac- 

 company inn tin- in.'tt nun-lit, and imt to tlii- l.u-k of 

 tin- li.lhiciicc cif tin- -pmal cord Aft.r pushing tin- in 

 .1111 1. 1 in I"i .-mill- distance, I found the rabbit 

 \\ Inch Iiail In . h op. rated upon, eatliif.' ;i carrot [lallfll- 

 t'-i ]. 'J i iimri- tlian you il" now, ami 



Iiol at tin- rabbit Imt at me. [L in^hii i .J I could not 

 understand what it wa> due to, and I thru 



]in-ln-il (In- liar ol iron its full lciii:t!i. or nearly one- 

 n- ; t: ,. -pjaal cord, but the ralilnt COn- 

 tinm-d to rat it carrot 1-',, ruinate. y for mo ami i..i 

 .ice, I found that ih. -PI- was no hemorrhage at all. 

 1 then t.,ok up i trs uud slnnved tli.it 



tlu-ri- \\.is no bl :m.-. . .lined in that way the 



p. i - v. :iit I had said, therefore, was 



:! d liv tin- fact tliai in Europe death takes pi. ice 

 >>\ lii-ni. -IT. i c . rbia :> a l.-ncy to hetuorriiaire iu Eu- 

 r-p. in .,',.;, e of the differences between the 



annuals of i , aud there arc other iui- 



, 



Tin- In-art c .| bv a blow on the, belly. I/injr 



I", li ID : bad d' i> i inincd this. The fact was 



i>tcd on it. But the ex- 



iii:i wi .11 In- thought. But, it takes science 



a lorn; \\ !;i c i. i.i ... ; progress is had slo ffly ; uua in 



tlu> i -INI- it v. a^ a l.'iiir time before the fact.-* were jreuer- 



! and a ti in- explanation reached. Goltz, a 



ph\ . . .aiiv, has made experiments ou a 



.: a How of tho tin ire r on the 



; in- b L the experiment which had been 



many tiaj.-s on man. Only since his time has it 

 .known ih. m pathetic nerve there has the 



o r Mopi'-. liea i'ii action. I nad published 



: uowinx bo w it is that in peritonitis, 



h is an lull .1.1-1 1 1 ion of the tluii membrane iu the ah- 

 doini n. from luck of action in tae heart. It 

 UowtnKtoa mi of tne ramifications of the sym- 

 pathetic aen . abilomcn, that the heart's action 



py nop .rtanr to kuow. as if we possess 



Hi' ve (J possess- them <jf diminishing the 



n ; -it.it am that tai,c> jil in- in those ciises iu the abdomen, 



lid: of the patient. It is well known 



thai it,.- in. i: w.iii-h frequently save iu peritonitis 1 



that K til.- il-, of opium, iiiiiui i-l', s the cxcitaiiiliiv, 



'in I i" : prevents the iufl.ienec outheheari. 



'J -' inilueii. . U.M-S up from the ubdoiucu to the spinal 



: . "'id ' rc in the mcitvlla oblonyata, and 



tiien di -. ...in the medulla, olilonsiula by the nr 



fil'juin to tin- bl al t. 



A tn at in i . . fncta -.vl:li-h you may observe at watcr- 

 f'"" 1 the Influence that cold po 



', : ;: I.IH, in iliininishiui; the a.-li.m 



" f ' ' t, r P<-at many persons who are 



I to have 1 ..m an. r having been unlmilttcd to 



i'l done!. . ami there arc many who are in 



'i. in. . tbll 1 1 atim-nt. Indeed, the per- 



Min i Know n, i nil iinati-lv Is absolutely una bit- to re- 



CetTI a douche I r without IM-IIIK iu danp-r ol 



dyinr limn a :i ol t In- h.-.iri V ac: ion. In experi- 



ii,i;,. . lr. I^lekliiHou and 



^''- Bend .1 . pushed (-o I.ir tin- inllueneo of 



<-o ,1 waler ..; i thai they had actually liad ail 



... : n. It hhuw-. I.M i. fore, lli.it 



' : Lbe duu.-ln- or hho\\i.-:-!.ath, and that 



p. ons wl.o have not thf- proper rp;ic:.on onsht not to 

 ci'i.tliim- to cxpox- tln-ni^elv. s to ,-iirli a caiiM>. 



There ar.- in.iuv other causes that may .-lop tip 1 heart's 

 action. It is p-rfoerly well known that riuoii,,u can do 

 it. In all Mich cases it is by pretty inn li the same 

 mechanism. Chloroform kills in that way. One or t\vo 

 breathings of chloroform may be suiii.-ii-nt, bv the in* 

 II Il ace . \i-rti-d 0:1 tii,- r innlicaiion of tin- /// vagum iu 

 the I u n ^s, the irritati 'ii iroin^ il]) to the utt'lti'l'i utilunyuta 

 and (lien down to thi- heart and arrest uu' iis actioi.. 

 Thi- is only io in- lear.-il, however, in per.Mius whose 

 ni-i \ ons sy.-icm i- very excitable. 



In tin- larynx we also find wnat an effect may be pro- 

 duced on the action of the heart. I have a-cdtaincd 

 i nat I >v put line carbonic acid in the larynx -s of anini ils, 

 tin- heart's action may be stopped immediately. Still I 

 ,im ool.t enough in many instances to push r.iroouic acid 

 with trreat violent- toAanl the larynx, when it acts at 

 tin- .-aim- time mi the mucous niemlirane ot the mouth, 

 and loses something of its bad ell'ect whi-.-h consists in 

 the arrest, ol the heart. 



DANOEKOUS M!. HI. iDS OF CL'UING HEADACHES. 



In oin- in- -..-..in -c I toDiid that a nioile 01 curing head- 

 aches which is now employed mav be liable to fatal re- 

 -ulis. A friend of mine had a vcrvii.nl le-adache. I 

 tliou^ht that if I could ealvanizi: the cervical sympa- 

 llicll> in tin- liecK, Which .iroes ro [he bloo I- Vessels Of the 

 le-.id, I should produce a cessation of the pain almo.-t at 

 ouce. I succeeded admirably, but I almost snc.-e.-d.-il iu 

 lulling my friend. The heart's action stopped, and ho 

 was iu ereat dancer ol death from a galvanization of tho 

 par vds/um which had taken place at the same time was 

 nalvanizniK the sy iiip.u hetic. Since that, I have bceu 

 more prudent, aud have not r.-p.-,ite,| tin- expt-rimeut. 

 Many physicians, however, ealvaniz.- tho s\ nip.ithetic. 

 They do it, it 18 true, in a way win. ii is dill'.-rent from 

 t he one I employe.! ; t aev applv the currents with more 

 can-, si ill, i canuot imt confess that there is dauger in 

 the process. 



I pass now to what relates to the arro-t of respiration. 

 Tnere is no doubt that the resp.ra .or\ movements arc 

 all doe to an activity of ce is of ^:\i- m liter, ju>t as fiie 



movements Of the ia-artare; the cells of uray 111 liter, 

 as rejrards respiration, hem,; pl.tc 1 OM t lie iiasc (if the 

 bl-jiu and in a p irl ol i lie spinal cord, r.i s m.- nerve, 

 tlie jiur ra-jnin, wliie:i goes to :he hear:, has a SOt of 

 libers which, lust. -a t of ifoini; down, 1:0 upward, anil to- 

 W.ifd those cells ot -iav m .tier in I '.]< t)aS6 ol' I he brain 

 and spinal curd. .S> I hat if youci\il.- , I..- /mr riii/itnt, 

 having one hand by which you e.iu act on the heart and 

 another by which you can acton the brain, you can at 

 will, at OIK; movement, stop the heart's aenou. and Iu 

 a not ,ier >top the respiratory mo vein -nl s. Tn,- stopping 

 of the respiratory movement is very peculiar. I have 

 unioriunutely uo time to enter into details about it. 

 But there are two kinds of m-rv U n-r> aMe to -top tho 

 re-piratorv nmvem.-nls. There is on kind, neeordintr 

 tii Bosenthal, proing cu tiio l.ir\n\, adia^' by tbe nerve 

 which is called the sup, -nor larvnir.- il. Tins stojis res- 

 piration by the ee atiim of the di.iphr.ig n. which is tb-0 

 muscle that dilates tin- chest. Tins is rend'-ic I >o|'t ami 

 inactive lli--t, as the heart is pe.nlered soil and inactive 

 b.V (he ualv ini/.ilion of the neive. The other part of 

 Me- jut/- fn /itiii >tops r.-siiiration by another mechanism 

 quite dilleienl, which I shad not stop to describe. 



But respiration can he stopp -d h, a j;ivat mails' other 



means whlcb are important to be known, it, is import- 

 ant to know, tor m-tance, that ii\' p i>-inir a current of 

 carbonic acid tlirou-li the l.irynx, \\ e can diminish the 

 activity of tlie rcoj.iiutory movements alaiost at ouce. 



