Irilune Extras Lecture anil Letter Series. 



column, paralysis may be produced, whK-h may d:-ip- 

 Iear suddenly aft'T a time. 



Au experiment I imi'le in 1S34 shows :iNo that the ii ri- 

 tatiii oi certain ii'-: . e- i an pro I IK-I- ;oim- "I paralysis 

 whi'-h .a-.- \i-ry .-insular, and which were oh---i vcd only 

 \\hi-nthesiiinaleord or the ha-e of t lie brain had liei-li 

 Injiireil ill a certain way. In tlio-e e\pi i inn nt- tlie 

 brain, tlie sp'ual c-.i d. anil tlr- n.r\ .-- 1:1.111;,- to t he |..v. er 

 limb- \\.-i-e not at all interfered \villi. T.ie nerve- in 

 the d' r-:il re-inn that \Vele not illVlili-d had nothing to 

 do in a din >t way wnh the lower limbs. Yet \\licnthis 

 di\Mnii\\a- niacli- tin-re \\a-a ]>.ira! \ -i - of voluntary 



Iliolioli 111 tlie lo\\er lllllh-, a p.ll .I'V vl- ut blood Vi 



in the hnili tin tin- tame r-..:.-. and a p.ir.U -i> of sensi- 

 Jiilitv in tli- HI.I.' on tin- ;j.,iMti- .-nti-. This st ranee 

 Combin.;! .in n| i ll'.-ets occurred Ir.'in a mere irritati'ii 

 ct in-; \ . - \viin-h li:ul no tli me to do in a diivet way either 

 V llli moll . or -i- II- it lull, or the .-t.ite ..f lilooil VCSSClS 111 



t iow. i- liinio. Theref ore it is aulte clear that in these 



IM-. - .1,1 irritation M.irtinir from a nerve has -on<- to dis- 

 tant i i -.,- tlie tri-ay iiialter a:id -topped ilieir activity. 

 Uini-i we li ivc .-nun limit,' >i!i,ii.ir here a.irain to what 

 tak. - pi K-I- \\heiitin- In-. irf- action is stopped by i p al- 



v.ini/.hL- I lie nei \ e- that -o to it. 



TliK l\< L'l.ll nl -1 III MU siri'ATED IN A Si'KCIFIC 

 1-AKl nl 'I 111. T.KAIN. 



osls, the f-n-ts are very striking. 



Aniaur .-i' i- a 1. -- oi -Uiit. I tind that in uiau au irri- 

 tation i.: oue -i'lc "f the hrain can produce aniaiuo-is in 

 t in- e\ e on tin- -am -i 1<- ; ic can produce aiuanrosis in 

 the- . ..pp..-!:.- Mile ; it can pro luce aiiiauro-i- 



In l>- . And it can do -.inn-thing more curion-; 



It e 1:1 l>: ..'nice a I "i 1 10 -. . r in one-half of one eye, and 

 th.ii inn be tlie eye ol the -ame side or the eye of tiie 

 i; ami it in i.v ne al-o in two eyes. Here are six 

 Ian. i. in in- produced from ;in injury in 



a iinb : i .: r n "t tin- I. rain. Wo cuiuiot, then-fore, ad- 

 mit Hi it .n injary has been in a part of the braiu serv- 

 ing for tbo functions of .-i-hi, because that 'would load 

 to .in ab.-nn! .n ; in-e.iu-i- wo flnd that almost 



any pa> t oi tli.- lr.iia i-an pro Inc.- that power, and that 

 would li. to '.<> iic a n. i \ e center of si^'ht in every part 

 of the br.iin. In e \perinient-i on the mrilulla oblimt/dta, 

 we llnd .il-.i fa. I.- u hich e.innot In; explained by an lli- 

 Jnry dm. Qerve that \\e are irritating. 1 find 



that almii.-r al.vav>an injury TO the spinal cor.1 or nie- 

 iliiHu i.lil'iiii/'itu may jirodnee aiiuunisis iu the eye on 

 HM - ; .in in.jnn a Inrle hi^ln-r up In tin- tn.'diillu 



iili'nn'int'i may produce amauro-is trenerally on the 

 <il>p. . An I it' \\c^i)a little more forward in a 



put ii l'-il ill'- //"//s rurnlii, then the amanroM- i- 

 lnvaria!i, >- in Hi.- eye on tin- oppo-itu side. All 

 tin--, t.i th.it an injury to the brain as wHi 



ID Injurj t" i h'- tn-rvo anywhere in our systrm, can 

 produce 1-i'ln r i> u M!\ -i-, or aiuiMtheain, or loss ot >lwhi, 

 |.\ a ne clianiMii quite -imilar to that by which nerve 

 C-ellsar. : in the heart and t hereby the hea i I 's 



acil..n .-t..pp--d. I pa-- now to Boiuo facts relating to the 



i inn- ']!' -t'.ii:. It I- pcil.-clly well kilo WI1 that Some- 

 tin n> i iir. -I. i in- have tin- h i p| n ness ill tllO Colir-C of an 

 or IT in Ic di -. a -c nt I In- 111 .mi to llnd t hat they have en red 

 then j..it ie n t of pa rait -is. 1 1 i- a ran- t hill-.', but still docs 

 dci-iir .-' mi' -I ini -. In -nine of Ihc-i- ca -es the cure Iia8 



I. ecu pi-Miluei-ii i r,- - 1 1: i pic motion ; or caused by a remedy 

 ^ -!! al tin- lime, which L-I\ di to certain other patients 

 \\milil not all'.-et (iii 111. In tin .-trychnia la used 



v. ilh iiii.ie i II. ct. I will sav that if hone o|iathy has 

 liny found itioii at any time i limixh I most certainly 

 |ie!i.\c it ia- not :l cert.nnly has no Value ill these 

 ca.-c-. bii. 1 1 linia must bu givun lu x'lvut 'lo-cs to all'cct 



a paralysis. It must be triven in doses that will produce 

 stilfness in the limbs, and it is at the expense of some 

 fright in tin- I'.uuily '> it no moiv: a fright without risk 

 that a cure is obtained iu these eases. That state of 

 stillness mu>; !> pi-rsi-to I in lor a iriven tiiui-. In this 

 way N on cjn na de i s'-uid that the view which 1 have uot 

 time to develop has .-nllh'ient yroun.ls. 



1 can uii'h -r-laiid that wuen paralysis has beer, pro- 

 duced there has been an inll.u-aco starting from the 

 place wiier,- tin- di-ca-c i- ill the brain and acting ou 

 cell- of -rav m.itti-r in i!n- spinal cord ilsjlt'. V.'e well 

 know that stryc.mia will increase thL' pusver of cells in 

 the spinal cord. Ta -rci.ir.- it is easy to uiidcrstan.1 that 

 a do-e of .-trycanine may inciea-o tilO power of those- 

 i -di- which had lo-t their l"..ivi- (uyiuu to the peculiar 

 iniltience of nerve force, coining i'r.uu the brain. Now 

 t ic problem lor in" ln-al m -:i :-. I tnink. clearly stated. 

 What is to in l,oi;ed for is not only what I have tried 

 ni\ -.-if to do and many ol' my me, Deal friends have tried 

 to do, nann-ly, to cure tie- or.'.uiic disease that exi-ti d 

 in the br. mi, bin it is also to try to br -ale the communi- 

 cation between that part and the cells of gray niatii-r 

 affected, or to try to f^ve to these cells a new activity. 

 Of other remedies having a p >wcr iu that respect eiiual 

 to ,-t r.\ clinia, I know but very few. 



There are a good many other facts relating to the loss 

 ofpowerot ih'- y.iriou-i s'-n-es which I had intended to 

 mention, bur I .shall only state tint what relates to 

 deafness and loss of taste or of the power oi olf iction is 

 pretty much the same as what relates to the other parts 

 Ihave mentioned. lean only say that all tha functi .:is 

 of the brain can be lost for some lime throuicti a trilling 

 influence, just as through a considerable influence- they 

 may be irremediably lost. If we can Rive new life to 

 cells which are at a distance from the place of dise.ue, 

 we may obtain a cure or an amelioration. Tnere is a 

 very singular affection which has been called aphasia. 

 This is a loss of the faculty of expressin- ideas by 

 speech. This aphasia may occur by attacks, just as 

 epilepsy may occur by attacks; and it in i.y occur from 

 irritation, )ust as epilepsy does. T.iat anhasi i may dis- 

 appear very suddenly. In fact, there ar cases ou 

 record iu which the mere cure of ucuial.^ia has cured 

 apha-ia. There are cases ou record in which the expel- 

 ling of worms from the bowels has made the patient 

 recover the faculty of speech imm 'diately. Many re- 

 markable instances I am obliged to pass without m-;u- 

 ti..ning. I saw once in London a hysterical pirl who 

 had lost completely th- power of speech and con-en,as- 

 in-.ss almost all the time, I may say, for ten days out of 

 twelve. Sue was not asleep; her eyes were open. At 

 times she seemed to sleep. Sao had also a eonsjd -rai^i- 

 diininiition ot the power of tuo heart and the power of 

 breathmtr. She hud, iu fact, a ^rcat in my ot the phe- 

 iioun-na of arrest which wo U id to com;- I liron^rh an 

 irritation of certain parts of iho spinal cor. I, and t hat 

 irritation was increased wh -never a pre.--ar was made, 

 on the spine in the neck. Treaiin\' the .--pine was 

 apparently the mode of cure. Tae dis".is-- was, ho\v- 

 ever, cured one d,.\ .-ml b-nly. A shrill Iv ditl.-r.-nt irri- 

 tation had be. -n ma. ie, an I she MI Idcnly recover.-'! and 

 could not understand ilia' she had been so ill. This is 

 what \vt call lethargy. Tin- eondu i.ui is cert im'y u 

 t\pi- of tin- state oi lack of activity of cells, through 

 the inllamce of irritation acting upon them and pro- 

 ducing a ees-al ion. 



CAfsi.s n;vr ri;. i i.i-.n:i>i-:u OF THE NEHVODS 



^^ -II.M. 



My I'rieii'l, 1'rot. r.ir;..irl oi I'.iris, has made, experi- 

 ments which arc very interesting. lie sho vs that a 



