83 



Extras Lec'iirc a:i.1 Lil'.cr Scries. 



nhen If grithi-TCil in from its earlic-t i-liil iho..d. <> i < 

 ilona m.itr -r (roui without, captur- 

 ing t!io-e p.iMi.Ui.s III it cain<- II '.tr cll"U_-:i t > ir, :ilnl 



K'r<>.'. ing, as it w . >. ill tli.iM' indrawn ]).irtici 

 matter. Taat was tlie mere beginning, and during the 



whole time of its hi.-torv until we 1-11:11 to the 

 appeal. i:ee of lifo upon its surface, ir has 

 beet) gathering matter in tint w.iv. Kvervthing tint 



tin re :, in tin-, ri i, n;ir ho lie*, mtr brains, have liccn 



'. . >! 1 1. Ih.- illu 11 jig 111 .if in. ill T, ii< it fniin o:u> ]>:irt 



Of space, but the great force of cravity lias been en- 



<l 1:1 ill.f.vuu' 111 matter; -o th:' tills hind |ll'TO 



Prof. Proctor raised hlB bund before hi.s audience] con- 

 tain* partiel.-- tr.'in re-i.Mis far aw.iv in the Northern 

 beavenn, and particles from tin- distant South aa well; 

 particles drawn In by proa 9 continuing millions upon 



mill, on- n r air,, .s until by the rh.iptor of accidents they 

 have hern c.iiu in.. .1. I'.iriiic-l into tin: earth, dmn from 

 this jil.mt aim fro.n th.it plant to iorm tue uu-rimenD of 

 uiv ou n iioilv :in<l tin- h.unl in-fore you. 



Then- i.s tin- ilr-t wonderful thoou'ht wo have that 

 H"t me], n ;li, Inn everything we take or touch 



t>r l.andle or M-C, lias boon onco spreading throughout 

 ti.r imiiicii.-ity of sp ice. Ami n >w we puss to another 

 ]>irturc to siiotv you the relation between comets anil 

 JIH-' . .- a rei. recent. ition nr \vh.it you niicht 



t" be a comet. It is iii reality cue of tlie 



. i'-e. 

 A. 8i: i'M> .-TAGE OF EARTH GROWTH. 



N .'A- to ihc n.-xi -!.!_ of our earth's condition. Bo- 



plntiing oa a .nvaf ina-s of glowing eras, it gradually 



! I eh anired from a flattened condition io a 



globular iorm. becoming mure ami more elobular in ap- 



jie.u.ii.. ( uiuil at last it presented a form pcrloctly elob- 



ul.ir, ur nearly so, invin^ only such an amount .of ilat- 



R e..|-i-i-s;>,)ini -a to its rotation, and having moat 



of tin- <|ii i.i;i :a tint we recognize iu the sun. 



Tir of the sun shows what was probably the 



f"i" > "f our eui-tli. We can pciircely fail to 



re< ^ ze the fact that it must have once beon a sun. It 

 n I hat at that timo the uioou was a satellite, 

 a i ul t!:.i! ' . in tli theu afforded the supplies of heat a ml 

 li_-M necessary for thu existence of life upon the moon ; 

 but what, vi-r view we lorin wo feel thac in the time 

 ^ !' ir i: Oral contracted, from a state of glowing gas, first 

 ln-i;aii to have some liquid matter, or solid matt T, iu its 



itutioa tuo earth must then have beeuasun. 



" ' mother picture "showlnp: the sun's surface. It 



ina., b< in.it tiiis earth on which we live was not only 



n, but fho.vcd all those phenomena of spo:s. And 



i i p.iint out here a dilliculty to bo eon-ulrn- i. 



u> - nu : no be carried away too mnco by analogy , and 



-'^ ' : ' ; - ' i '"' has passed through, or will pass through, 



"II ' i ''i.t the other members of the solar sys- 



''" 1" ' ! tnroiiKii; that ouco it was like the 



"''; "''' still Inter it presented the appearance Jui>n r 



doi -, and - . until at la>t it became like the 



iiioi.n. \V,- must i-ean-mber that tlio question of the 



ini:iii il (i i mtity of m itn-r comes In as a verv import- 



it it r. Hi -il. rati .11, ali'l i; in i y be that HO t WO Orbs Of the 



univ alike, and no one ever had any 



<-!i.in- ' '- 1 -poii'liii,' to any .single chauiro in the ap- 

 ; -f any oilier orb. 



Tin re i, tin. ji,,pit t'> be reiiH-nibi r.-d : that volumf 1 



and -ni uee .IP- i. ,-. I together In snoli a way that the 



f the 'Hill-rent materials tii a fnnu th sur- 



f.i-'i- uf a iilanel \\ill be iliir-ri'iit aCOOI luu r to :he >izu of 

 HP- i-l in.-t. Tin- MH-f.ii-i: of a pl.im-l, after all, is the 



important relation, so far at leant ic ;i,e naturnof 



Ufc la coi-C'Ttied. Lil I , '.ii tin m.i-t part, ou the 



surface. It is but a very small section of the earih'g 

 ei-n^i, an.i a \ . ry s:uall potion of the dep;h of tho 

 atnio-pln re, tliat i-^ necii'iie,! lt\- lit'i'. tfnrl'.ice. after all, 

 is tbe (rreac question, und surf.icn and volume arc not 

 Minilarlv eoain'cted. If a plan;-: u:i> t wic tae diameter 

 of another, it h.i.s lour ti:ne> tin- ^urtai-e, ci-^ht times the 

 weight, an I fi.ir'.it tinn-s i he volume of that oth.-r. And 

 that would make a very Lrre.it d.ll'.-iviicn in the constitu 

 limi c.t' ii> atioi.spiiere and of its ocoaus. Th:-re would 

 in- i i :hr tini .-- the quautity of water, eiirlit, times the 

 taiantity ..I' o\y .-en. i-i-ht tiim-9 the i]iiin;it\- of nitro- 

 iren, s 1 . lih a >ui l.u-e oniv four times as irivat; und that is 

 i in- HI in i eonilition of our plant'! as I proceed to consider 

 it. Bo, with eiirht times tho quautitv of matter beiujf 



sjireadover a aurf.u-. ly lour times as ereat, there 



would be twice tho quantity of matter twice tho 

 amount of water and atmosphere for eac'i square mlie 

 of siirf.ici'. And that would prodtu-o dilfereuces that 

 would be very marked indeed. Then from tho very 

 bi-eiiminif of a planet's existence it has only a certain 

 quantity oMieai, dep iiiliu.ir ii|i>)ti its oizj and the niiirht 

 that resides iu it. Si> tlu suu at tho beuiuuing of ita 

 existence had more heat than this earth has ever had. 

 So again with the planets Jupiter and Saturn. I men- 

 tion these facts not to negative any in.slru-tion wo may 

 derive from the analojrios boioro us, but to prevent too 

 much stress being laid on those analogies, i >h ill have 

 ()(;-, i.-ion, probably, to saj r that Jupiter represents tho 

 earth as it was in its former state of existence; but 

 there are essential points of difference. 



EmiLAUITV OF TUE SUN TO THIS EARTH. 



Now we will have another picture of tlu- su.i brought 

 on the screen, and then we will proceed to consider tho 

 nature of the sun's surface an 1 tha probability that tho 

 earth's surface corresponded iu some de,gr<o to that of 

 tho sun. There we have a more spotted picture of the 

 gun, and you see at the border, the MLTHS of tho exist* 

 encc of a deep atninspheiv, and, asit were, tho floating 

 over the surface of the sun of something very much likA 

 slag floating upon the surface of liquid, molten metal. 

 Wo have this theory of thn sun to consider, rel itod, as ic 

 probably must bo, to tho past of our earth tho 

 theory that the suu is at present merely 

 a bubble of uuiUer, as it were. You are aware that Prof. 

 Young of Dartmouth has advanced this theory, and 

 there is much iu tlie app.-aranc.. 1 of tho sun to su^gi^t it 

 to suggest tiuu that irreat center of our system, while 

 there are cold spots upon it, is always ra llatin:,' its heat , 

 so that there i.s a continuous transition of vis.-ous sub- 

 stance into liquid globules, and thai I h . boiling d >wu of 

 iho.-e globules produces continual showers of meteorlo 

 rays. They descctnd again, a-ud keep g itherin^ as they 

 descend; but after a time as they approach tlie irreat 

 ueatcentei ile-v again become vapor, aud so there is 

 a continual down-fall. 



Another picture will be brought on tho screen, illus- 

 tratinc, on a larire BOale, Hie n iture or the SUM'S Mirface. 

 There you liavc that i.ppearane.:- resembling slag, ol 

 s\ Inch I spoke. You 800 thu mottl-d ap|>e ir nice ; tho 

 ri'il.ulie-t o!' the phenoiiieiia pre.seiilivl by the sun. 



We will no.v have another picture, showing every 

 minute detail as ivvalcd bvthe tele-cone, with tho 

 hope that \ve may po->ibly reco_;uiz> something thero 

 that will MiiLCu'e.si. tlie IMIMI.T condition of tno surface of 

 our own earth. You 806 ..II the.-i- co'np irativol.v smal 

 bright points. ii;id ih bright matter iu which the bright 

 points seem to be ll'iinnr. Wo . shall now have another 

 IL.-I me, shov.'iiiLr what 1'r .>!. L niL,-ley uf I'-tt-birgit b-i.s 

 i\ei-i-d. n- resolved these bright polo cs into still 

 small) r points, au i tucii ho has found that in tho 



