148 BRITISH TUNICATA. 



Family 4. CLAVELINID.E. 



V 



Animal more or less clavate, pedimculated ; attached 

 at the base and united into groups by a creeping fibre 

 or connective stolon. Tunic very transparent. Aper- 

 tures with or without rays. Reproduction by ova or by 

 buds arising from the stoloniferous base. 



Grenus 11. Clavelina Savigny, 1809. 



[Ascidia (pars) 0. F. MULLER Zool. Danica, II (1788), p. 54.] 

 Clavelina SAVIGNY [in Descr. Egypt, Hist. Nat. I (1809), 

 pt. 2, p. 46, and] Mem. Anim. sans Vert, pt, 2 (1816), 

 p. 171; FLEMING Brit. Anim. [1828], p. 468; MILNE 

 EDWARDS Ohs. Ascidies comp. [in Mem. Acad. Sci. In>t. 

 France, XVIII (1842)] , p. 50; FORBES & HANLEYBrit. Moll. 



I [1848], p. 26 ; ALDER & HANCOCK in Trans. Tyneside Nat. 

 Field Club, [I (1848), p. 202 ;] GOSSE Man. Marine Zool. 



II [1856], p. 34; H. & A. ADAMS Gen. Recent Moll. II 

 [1858], p. 593. 



Animal elongated, erect, claviform, consisting of a 

 distinct thorax and abdomen ; attached at the base, 

 the individuals united into groups by tubular root-like 

 prolongations. Apertures circular, terminal, without 

 segments or ocelli. Test smooth, transparent, scarcely 

 adhering to the body, except at the two apertures. 

 Mantle membranous, transparent, the thorax usually 

 marked with coloured or opaque white lines. Tenta- 

 cular filaments linear. Branchial sac without folds, the 

 meshes nearly rectilinear or elliptic oblong, occupying 

 the upper or thoracic portion of the body, the peduncle 

 or abdominal portion containing the stomach and 

 reproductive organs. 



The organization of the Glavelinde has been given in 

 a very complete manner by Milne Edwards, in his 

 admirable memoir on the Compound Ascidians. He 

 had the advantage of making his observations on the 

 living organism, a valuable privilege which we have 

 not enjoyed ; but as these animals retain much of their 



