APPENDIX 159 



she produce the greatly increased wealth which will be 

 necessary to enable her to meet her war obligations 

 and give her an increasingly greater position in world 

 affairs. The increase of grain production by the open- 

 ing up of new farms and more intensive cultivation 

 will require capital, but not more than the surplus 

 wealth of the present agriculture will supply. The 

 basis for this extension is made apparent by the fact 

 that in 1913 Russia planted to cereals alone over 

 215,000,000 acres. Of this, 82,600,000 acres were 

 planted in wheat, yielding 1,024,000,000 bushels. The 

 average yield for winter wheat was 15% bushels per 

 acre, and for spring wheat n^ bushels per acre. 

 This was a good year in Russia, and might be com- 

 pared with the same year in the United States, when 

 there were planted 49,601,000 acres, producing 15.2 

 bushels per acre, or a total of 753,000,000 bushels. 



These figures demonstrate that there are ample 

 financial resources for the extension of Russia's 

 agriculture, such as the opening up of new territory, 

 the improving of live-stock, the planting of orchards, 

 the developing of fertilizers, and all those things di- 

 rectly incidental to a larger acreage and more scientific 

 cultivation; but there are incidental tasks which 

 will require large units of capital that cannot be taken 

 directly from the agricultural community. The 

 country has insufficient facilities for the economical 

 transportation and storage of grain; and up to the 

 present time the losses from this source have been on a 

 tremendous scale. However, at the outbreak of the 

 war the government had under way a construction 



