APPENDIX 161 



The Crimea, the Caucasus, and Turkestan are in 

 every way adapted for the growing of all kinds of 

 fruits, but the fruit industry cannot be extended and 

 the products marketed without the establishment of 

 refrigeration service, which is today practically 

 non-existent in Russia. This would also apply to the 

 dairy and poultry industries of Siberia. The raising 

 of food animals is an important activity throughout 

 the Empire; and Russia has more sheep and goats 

 than the United States, nearly as many cattle, and 

 about one fourth as many hogs. Recently much 

 attention is being given to scientific breeding, and some 

 progress has been made in feeding for food results, but 

 there is no organization of the industry beyond the 

 farms. Australia can put mutton on the market in 

 Russia cheaper than the home-grown product can be 

 obtained, because in Russia all animals are sent as 

 live freight to the point of slaughter; the economies 

 from centralized slaughtering plants and the handling 

 of the dressed product under cold storage having 

 not been yet introduced. 



Opportunities in Lumbering and Mining 



Russia is practically the only country in Europe 

 having an excess of timber over and above its own 

 requirements. While Sweden, Norway, and Austria- 

 Hungary still have a surplus, of recent years it has 

 become so small as to be almost negligible. Russia 

 is the great timber reserve of Europe, and while in 

 1913 she exported timber to the amount of $84,000,000 

 she still has not begun to realize upon the possibilities 



