26 R. E. COKER. 



attach to this survey from its relation to the historical place 

 and occasion, it will serve a useful scientific purpose as a basis 

 of comparison with future conditions. It would be desirable for 

 collections to be made at all seasons, under various weather 

 conditions and in different years. Penikese Island has recently 

 been set aside by the State of Massachusetts as a Bird Sanctuary, 

 and placed under the Board of Conservation who are interested 

 in fostering both the birds and the insect life of the island. The 

 entire aspect of the insect fauna of the island may change 

 materially at any time in consequence either of the invasion of 

 new species adapted to present conditions but not yet arrived, 

 or as a result of changing conditions of vegetation upon the 

 island, such, for example, as would follow upon renewal of grazing 

 or upon natural or artificial reforestation. In event of such 

 change it will fortunately be possible, to some extent, to compare 

 new and old conditions with respect to both plants and animals, 

 and thus to study problems of coordination between the two 

 kingdoms. We have, therefore, thought it a proper function of 

 the introductory part of this report to direct attention to the 

 forms that appear to be lacking, as well as to those that were 

 found. Needless to say, future comparisons must not omit from 

 consideration the season of the year and the precedent meteoro- 

 logical conditions such as are of record elsewhere than in this 

 paper. 



ANIMALS OF LAND AND PONDS, 

 PENIKESE ISLAND, AUGUST, 1923. 



ANNELIDS. 

 (Identification by U. S. National Museum.) 



Lumbricus terrestris Linnaeus. 



One adult and one apparently immature example taken near 

 red house. 

 Helodriliis calignosus trapezoides (Savigny). 



One example taken at same place. 

 Helodrilus tennis (Eisen). 



Two examples taken with preceding species and one in southern 

 part of island. 



