ANTHOrHILOUS INSECT FAUNA OF CLOVA MOUNTAINS 99 







Ceuthorhynchus erysimi, F. Comiston, March 1893. C. cyani- 



pennis, Germ. Corstorphine Hill, October 1896 ; Morningside, 



April; Dalmahoy, May 1898 ; Kirknewton, June 1899 ; Inver- 



avon, February 1903. Recorded from Dalmeny in Murray's 



"Scottish Coleoptera" (1853). Mr. Thornley now refers the 



C. chalybeus recorded in my previous list to this form. C. 



pollinarius, Forst. Braidburn, June 1889; Luffness, August 



1896; Philpstoun, October 1896; Heriot, May 1901. C. 



pleurostigina, Marsh. Mortonhall, October 1896; Comiston, 



March 1900 ; etc. 



Rhopalomesites tardy i, Curt. $ and <J brought to me from Tiree 

 by Mr. J. Baxter in June 1900. 



Pityogems quadridens, Hart. A specimen of this form was got at 

 Bo'ness in May 1901. Have shown it to Dr. Sharp. 



NOTES ON THE ANTHOPHILOUS INSECT 

 FAUNA OF THE CLOVA MOUNTAINS. 



BY J. C. WILLIS, M.A., and I. H. BURKILL, M.A. 



( Continued from p. 37.) 



LEAVING the seasonal distribution, we proceed to give some details 

 regarding altitudinal distribution. It will be necessary to refer back 

 to Tables III. and IV., and to take the groups in sequence. 



Hymenoptera. Apis does not ascend the hills, and only in 

 summer, when the Ericas come into flower, does it cross the 1000 

 feet contour line : it is consequently of no interest in the fertilisa- 

 tion of alpine plants. Bombi ascend the hills willingly. Bombus 

 lapponicus nests on them, and is more common above 1000 feet 

 than below it. This bumble-bee is the one which chiefly visits the 

 alpines. As already noticed, it is vernal and asstival. Bombus 

 pratorum, L., which is often considered to be one species with 

 B. lapponicus, is sestival, and was chiefly seen in the strath. 

 Bombus agrorum (B. muscoruni}, which is autumnal, hardly ever 

 leaves the strath. Bombus venustus, Smith, like it, hardly 

 leaves the strath ; it is sestival. Bombus hortorum, the longest 

 tongued, and B. terrestris, the shortest tongued of our Bombi, both 

 are most abundant in the strath, but are by no means absent from 

 high levels. Psithyms quadricolor, Lep., was seen at all heights. 

 The mid-tongued Hymenoptera are all of low levels, and of summer. 

 Odynerus was once seen above 2000 feet. Vespa behaves like 

 Odynerus. Tenthredinidne in spring and summer, in some rare 

 species, e.g. Tenthredo olivacea, occur high up. These rare species 



