SCOTTISH RUBI 103 



species of Sph&rophoria and Melanostoma, all of rather weak flight. 

 Among the Anthomyidae, all from Drymia hamata downwards are 

 liable to be found at various heights, especially in summer. The 

 smallest flies also appear at all heights. Meligethes appears at all 

 heights ; and, as Thornley has shown, all beetles with large elytra 

 are very liable to be carried upwards. The miscellaneous insects 

 observed high are chiefly Thrips. 



It is very difficult to estimate what this unwilling ascending of 

 the hills means to the plants growing high ; and though it may not 

 seem to mean much, we are inclined to keep the fact in view in 

 connection with the possibility that plants common to the strath and 

 crags may be helped to maintain themselves on the crags, possibly 

 by the aid of pollen, probably by seed brought up from below. In 

 this connection an observation isolated at present may be cited. 

 Blytt observed that plants of silurian rocks in Norway somehow 

 maintain themselves on gneiss when the two formations are near, 

 but if silurian is not near the gneiss the lattter has none of them 

 (Blytt, Essay on the Immigration of the Norwegian Flora, Christiania, 

 1870, p. 82). 



SCOTTISH RUBI. 



By Prof. JAMES W. H. TRAIL, A.M., M.D., F.R.S., etc. 

 ( Continued from p. 47.) 



112. SHETLAND. 

 R. idseus. -R. 

 R. saxatilis. "Tate, Catalogue," "Top. Bot.''--R. 



SYSTEMATIC LIST. 



R. idaiis, L. Recorded from every vice-county in Scotland, on 

 trustworthy evidence. 



var. obtusifolius (Willd.). Very local. 72, 85, 86, 93, (89), 



[88]. 



var. aspernmus (Steele). Recorded by Mr. Rogers from 

 Callander Crags, in W. Perth. The variety (with pale 

 amber-coloured ripe fruit) is occasionally found, e.g. in 

 v.c. 92 and 93. Mr. Rogers suggests that it is probably 

 of garden origin usually. 

 R. fissus, Lindl. 72, 77, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 97, 105, 106, in, 



(96), [73> 8 9, 92, 9 8 , 99], 75. 



R. suberectus, Anders. 86, 87, 88, 96, 97, 98, 101, 105, (73), [72, 

 74, 76, 81, 89, 90, 92]. 



