JAPANESE CATTLE AND TUBERCULOSIS 143 



One milk-cow furnishes with us in the course of a year a daily 

 average of five liters of milk. From this follows that in Tokio-Fu 

 each individual consumes daily 8.85 cm., and in entire Japan 2.825 

 cm. of milk. 



I. Experiments concerning the Susceptibility of Native Bovines to 



Imported Perlsucht 



Experiment A. On January 22, 1904, we treated altogether 15 

 native calves of pure race (from three to six months old and having 

 a body- weight of from 60 to 90 kilograms), which came from a region 

 where, until now, no foreign cattle had ever been imported, in the 

 following manner: 



Each of seven animals was inoculated with 1 cm. of an emulsion 

 containing a pure culture of highly virulent perlsucht bacilli ; in two 

 of the animals the injections were made into the cervical vein, in two 

 into the abdominal cavity, in two into the trachea, and one was 

 injected subcutaneously. Each of three calves was permitted to 

 inhafe 0.5 gm. of living but dried-up bacilli. The remaining five were 

 each infected with 1 cm. of an emulsion from tuberculous organs, all 

 of which contained very large numbers of tubercle bacilli; in one 

 the intravenous route, in two the intraperitoneal, in one the intra- 

 tracheal, and in one the subcutaneous route was chosen. 



As control animals were employed five animals of mixed races. 

 One of these received an injection of the emulsion of the tuberculous 

 organs into the cervical vein, three into the abdominal cavity, and 

 one was permitted to inhale a dried-up pure culture. 



Before beginning the experiments, each of the calves was injected 

 with 0.3 cm. tuberculin, to determine the existence of previous tuber- 

 culosis, but all were found free of the disease. 



Three animals died 24 to 72 days after the experiment; the re- 

 maining 12 were killed after periods varying from 225 to 363 days. 



One calf, which had been given an intraperitoneal injection of an 

 emulsion of the pure culture of perlsucht bacilli, died as soon as the 

 twenty-fourth day. At the autopsy it was found that the intra- 

 peritoneal lymphatic glands were swollen, and that the outer lower 

 part of the left kidney contained yellowish nodules. The lungs were 

 markedly hyperemic and contained but little air, but tubercles 

 could not be demonstrated in any part of them. In the renal nodules 

 the microscope revealed a small number of tubercle bacilli, which, 

 when inoculated into the subcutaneous tissues of a guinea-pig, pro- 

 duced typical symptoms and signs of tuberculosis. 



A second animal, which had been injected intravenously with the 

 emulsion from tuberculous organs, was found dead on the fortieth 

 day. The lungs contained very large numbers of tuberculous 



