DEVELOPMENT IN NINETEENTH CENTURY 365 



successfully for the first time by Smyth, of New Orleans, on May 9, 

 1864. This last operator tied also the vertebral in the same patient 

 for the first time. Thus it is evident that the ligature of the innomi- 

 nate artery was first performed in this country, and it was first 

 ligated successfully in America. Mott tied 138 large arteries for the 

 relief of aneurism, and no surgeon in the world ever has ligated so 

 many vessels. The primitive carotid artery was ligated for the first 

 time successfully, for primary hemorrhage, by Cogswell, of Hartford, 

 on November 4, 1803. Abernethy is accredited with tying the primi- 

 tive carotid first in 1798, but his patient died. The first successful 

 case, therefore, of ligature of the primitive carotid for primary hem- 

 orrhage was in America, and Cogswell had no knowledge of Aber- 

 nethy's unsuccessful attempt. Again the primitive carotid was first 

 tied successfully for secondary hemorrhage by Amos Twitchell, of 

 Keene, N. H., in 1807, eight months prior to Sir Astley Cooper's 

 famous case, which was supposed until lately to be the first on record. 

 The primitive carotid was first tied in its continuity successfully, for 

 the cure of aneurism, by J. Wright Post, on January 9, 1813. This 

 same surgeon repeated the operation successfully on November 28, 

 1816. The two primitive carotids were first tied in their continuity 

 successfully, within a month's interval, by Macgill, of Maryland, in 

 1823. Mott tied both carotids simultaneously in 1833, for malignant 

 disease of the parotid gland. In 1823 Davidge first tied the carotid 

 artery for fungus tumor of the antrum. The primitive and internal 

 carotids were first tied simultaneously by Gordon Buck, of New 

 York City, in 1857, and again by Briggs, of Nashville, in 1871. The 

 internal carotid was tied successfully above and below, for secondary 

 hemorrhage, by Sands, in 1874. Carnochan tied both carotids for the 

 first time for elephantiasis arabum of the neck and face, in 1867. 

 The subclavian artery in its third portion was first tied successfully, 

 for the cure of aneurism, by J. Wright Post, of New York City, in 

 September, 1817. The subclavian artery in its first portion was ligated 

 for the first time by J. Kearney Rodgers in 1845. The patient died 

 and the vessel has never been tied successfully until 1892, when it 

 was tied by Halsted, of Baltimore. The operation was for the cure 

 of aneurism, and the sac was dissected out by removal of the clavicle. 

 This is the only case in which ligation of the subclavian on its tra- 

 cheal side has ever been successful, although it has been attempted in 

 other countries; but the vessel has never been tied successfully, ex- 

 cept in this country. The primitive iliac artery was first tied in Amer- 

 ica by Gibson, of Baltimore, in 1812. The ligation was for the arrest 

 of hemorrhage following a gunshot wound. The patient died on 

 the thirteenth day. Valentine Mott tied the artery successfully for 

 the cure of aneurism, on March 15, 1827. In 1880 Sands first tied the 

 primitive iliac, by performing first a laparotomy and securing the 



