SECTION C ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 



(Hall 10, September 22, 3 p. m.) 



SPEAKERS: PROFESSOR ARTHUR E. KENNELLY, Harvard University. 



PROFESSOR MICHAEL I. PUPIN, Columbia University. 

 SECRETARY: MR. CARL, HERING, Philadelphia, Pa. 



THE RELATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TO 

 OTHER BRANCHES OF ENGINEERING 



BY ARTHUR EDWIN KENNELLY 



[Arthur Edwin Kennelly, Professor of Electrical Engineering at Harvard Univer- 

 sity, b. December 17, 1861, Bombay, East India. Educated at University 

 College School, London; Hon. A.M. Harvard University; Hon. D.Sc. Western 

 University, Pennsylvania. Chief Electrician, Cable Ship, 1882; Principal 

 Assistant to Thomas A. Edison, 1887-93 ; Consulting Electrician, Edison 

 General Electric Co., 1891-93. Past President, American Institute of Electrical 

 Engineers; Member of Institution of Electrical Engineers, Great Britain; 

 American Physical Society ; American Philosophical Society ; American Academy 

 of Arts and Sciences; Honorary Fellow of New York Electrical Society. Author 

 of about twenty books on application of electricity, with other authors.] 



ENGINEERING is coeval with civilization. Its crude beginnings 

 must have evolved with the first banding of men together for a 

 common purpose. In a very broad sense of the term, engineering 

 comprises all material construction and operation executed by a 

 community through the efforts of a specially selected few. The degree 

 to which engineering is carried in a community is a measure and 

 criterion of the degree of its material civilization. Ex pede Herculem. 

 The pyramids of Ghizeh and the Cloaca Maxima at Rome clearly 

 reveal by inference the status of their respective communities at the 

 dates of those constructions. 



In the same broad sense, engineering lays every art and science 

 under contribution. But whereas the branches of engineering dealing 

 with architecture, mechanics, mining, ship-building, road-making, 

 and hydraulics go back to prehistoric times, steam engineering 

 and electrical engineering are of comparatively recent date, steam 

 engineering being about two hundred years old and electrical engin- 

 eering about seventy. These youngest branches of engineering have 

 completely changed the aspects of the parent tree. Without them 

 modem civilization could not exist. 



Each newindustrial application of electricity has opened a new field 

 for electrical engineering. The electric land telegraph first opened 

 commercially in 1835. The electric submarine telegraph commenced 

 in ]850. Since 1870 the electric dynamo and motor, the electric 



