RELATIONS TO OTHER SCIENCES 251 



idea, will, consciousness. The establishment of a better relation 

 between psychiatry and psychology is at any rate a thing much 

 needed, but belongs, perhaps, to the problems of psychiatry. 



The following are examples of the differences in the definition of 

 elementary psychological terms among leading psychologists. 



Impression is the simple result of a stimulus. (Morgan.) 



Sensation is the discrimination and recognition of the impres- 

 sions as of such and such a quality. It is the reception and dis- 

 crimination of impressions which result from certain modes of 

 stimuli, like sight, hearing. (Morgan.) 



Perception is the process by which sensations are given object- 

 ive significance, being supplemented by revived sensations. (Sully, 

 Morgan.) 



Perception always involves sensation. (James.) 



Percept is the aggregate of the revived and actual sensations, 

 integrated and solidified. (Morgan.) 



Perception (Wahrnehmung, Anschauung): 



(1) Cognition, so far as it involves the presence of actual sensa- 

 tion as distinguished from mental imagery. 



(2) Cognition of subjective process as such; the apprehensioc 

 of the actual presence of this process in distinction from the ideal 

 representation of it. (Stout, Baldwin.) 



The old writers used perception as a synonym for cognition in 

 general. The later tend to fuse sensation and perception. Some 

 speak of inner sense, inspection or introspection as perception. 



Perception (Wahrnehmung) is the process of the apprehension 

 of sense-objects. 



Anschauung is rather sense-intuition. (Baldwin, Dictionary of 

 Psychology.) 



Memories of percepts are simple, particular or concrete ideas. 

 (Romanes.) 



Image (Bild). The mental scheme in which sensations or the 

 sensory elements of perception are revived. (Baldwin, Stout.) 



Idea (Vorstellung). The reproduction with a more or less ade- 

 quate image of an object not actually present to the senses. (Stout, 

 Baldwin.) 



A mental image is an idea, according to Ladd. 



The German Vorstellung is sometimes used to cover both per- 

 ception and idea, and there is a tendency to give the same wide 

 application in English. (Titchener, Outlines of Psychology.) 



In a perception the object perceived is usually supposed to be 

 present. 



Ideas which are general and abstract are concepts. (Romanes.) 



Ideas which are complex, compound, or mixed are recepts. (Ro- 

 manes.) 



