280 VERRILL 



This large North Atlantic and Arctic species has been recorded 

 from the Pacific side by Professor Fisher, from several stations in 

 Bering Sea and off the Aleutian Islands, in 81 to 350 fathoms, and 

 also from off San Diego, California, in 628 to 640 fathoms. 



On the Atlantic side it has been found at many stations between 

 N. lat. 44 26' and 37 07' 50", in 70 to 640 fathoms. Most common 

 between 100 and 300 fathoms. 



It extends southward on the European coast to Norway. Also 

 recorded from Barents Sea and off Japan. I have seen no Pacific 

 specimens. 



Although it has not been taken quite within the limits of this 

 report, it is introduced here on account of its distribution as a cir- 

 cumpolar species. 



When first taken from the sea I have observed that this species 

 is highly phosphorescent. It discharges a large amount of thick 

 mucus to which the phosphorescence seems to be due. 



The integument and wide marginal fringe, when fresh, are very 

 soft and thick. 



Order PHANEROZONA Sladen (emended). 



Phanerozona (emended) SLADEN, Voyage Challenger, ZooL, xxx, Introduc- 

 tion, pp. xxvm, xu, 1889. Verrill, Revision, Trans. Conn. Acad., x, 

 p. 200, 1899. Fisher, op. cit., 191 ib, p. 17. 



Valvatce -\- Paxillosa (as orders) PERKIER, in Mem. Etoiles de mer, Antilles 

 etc., p. 154, 1884. 



Valvata + Paxillosa PERKIER, Exped. Trav. et Talism., pp. 22, 23, 28, 29, 1894 ; 

 Resultats Camp. Scientif. Albert I, Prince de Monaco, fasc. xi, p. 16, 1896. 



This order includes starfishes varying in form from pentagonal 

 to stellate, with long rays. They have two rows of large and thick 

 marginal plates (rarely but one distinct row, as in Luidia), which 

 are in contact and usually form a thick, nearly perpendicular margin. 

 They are nearly always larger than the dorsal and actinal plates. 

 Papular pores are generally confined to the upper surface and usually 

 placed singly, often in special areas. Dorsal plates various. Their 

 surfaces may be closely covered with angular tesselated plates, which 

 may be naked, granulated, or covered with a smooth skin; or they 

 may take the form of pseudopaxillae, protopaxillae, or true paxillae, 1 

 especially in Paxillosa. 



a The various forms of paxilliform plates were thus distinguished by me 

 in 1894: 



" True paxilla are columnar or hour-glass-shaped ossicles, usually with 

 isolated, circular bases, which bear at summit a group of small spinules, 

 of which the marginal series are usually different from the rest and divergent, 

 so as to cover the intervening spaces between the spines, thus forming 



