310 VERRILL 



Two madreporites are common, and as many as five may occur. 



Two dorsal pores were more frequent than one, in the pro- 

 portion of 48 to 15 ; eleven had three, two had four, and one had five. 

 The genital products issued from various points along the rays. 



Its range is from Southern California, San Pedro, San Diego, etc., 

 to Panama and West Colombia and the Galapagos Islands. Very 

 common at La Paz, Lower California. It occurs from low tide to 

 30 fathoms. 



Fisher erroneously quotes " L. ornithopus" Verrill, 1867, as a 

 synonym of this species. No such determination by me occurs in 

 the work cited or elsewhere. On page 344, L. ornithopus is given 

 as an Atlantic species, " probably identical " with L. guildingii. 



Suborder MYONOTA Ludwig. 



Each ray has a pair of strong internal dorsal muscles, extending 

 for part or most of its length. Papular areas localized. Pedicellariae 

 usually pectinate. Podia with suckers. 



Family BENTHOPECTINIDJE (Verrill) Fisher. 



Benthopectinidce and Pontasterins VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., x, pp. 200, 



217, 1899. 



Pararchasteridce SLADEN, op. cit, 1889, p. 4. 

 Notomyota (order) LUDWIG, 1910, p. 435. 

 Benthopectinidcs FISHER, 19116, p. 120. 



An almost strictly deep-sea family. Form stellate; disk rather 

 small; rays five, elongated, with two rows of thick, spinose, mar- 

 ginal plates, which are not exactly paired, but are sometimes alter- 

 nate, or nearly so, and have no definite fasciolated grooves between 

 them ; there is an odd interradial marginal plate in each row, in some 

 genera (Benthopectininse). Pedicellariae are pectinate or fascicu- 

 late, rarely bivalvular. 



Dorsal abactinal surface is covered by protopaxillae, spinose para- 

 paxillae, or simple spinose plates, rarely with true paxillae. 



Papulae may be distributed over most of the lateral surface of the 

 rays, or may be limited to the proximal part of the rays, or con- 

 centrated in specialized areas (papularia) near base of rays. 



Actinal interradial area is small or nearly abortive ; it is sometimes 

 occupied by one or more large pectinate pedicellariae. 



Similar pectinate pedicellariae may occur between the plates, on 

 the margins, or on the dorsal surface. Adambulacral plates are 

 angular and have elongated furrow-spines and one or more enlarged 

 actinal spines. No superambulacral plates. 



