CONTENTS xiii 



CHAPTER XII 



PAGE 



MECHANICS OF 1{ EXPIRATION . 402 



1. Historical. 2.. Glandular structure of the lungs. ''>. Condition 

 of the lungs and other viscera within tlir thorax; passive movements 

 due to variations in the negative thoracic pressure. 4. The thorneii- 

 cavity ; changes of form and dimensions with inspiratory and expiratory 

 movements. 5. Muscular mechanism of inspiratory and expiratory 

 movements. 6. Normal and furred respiration. 7. Accessory or con- 

 comitant respirator}' movements. 8. Ventilation or renewal of pul- 

 monary air (spirometry), and respiratory pressure in the air-passages 

 (pneumatometry). 9. Respiratory displacement of the lungs, and 

 acoustic phenomena of percussion and auscultation. 10. Respiratory 

 variations of intrathoracic and mtra-abdominal pressure. 11. Respira- 

 tory variations of pressure in the vena cava. 12. Respiratory variations 

 of aortic pressure. 13. Effect of respiratory mechanics on the circula- 

 tion of the blood. 14. Special forms of respiratory movements. 

 Bibliography. 



CHAPTER XIII 



THE NERVOUS CONTROL OF RESPIRATORY RHYTHM . 440 



1. Motor nerves to respiratory muscles and smooth muscle cells of 

 bronchi. 2. Bulbar respiratory centres and their localisation. 3. Spinal 

 respiratory centres. 4. Cerebral respiratory centres. 5. Each of these 

 centres results from the association of an iuspiratory and an expiratory 

 centre, which function rhythmically and alternately. 6. Automatic 

 regulation of normal respiratory rhythm, by afferent pulmonary film 

 of vagus. 7. Influence exerted on respiratory rhythm vin the cerebral 

 tracts and sensory nerves in general. 8. Phenomena consequent on 

 the separation of the bulb from the brain and spinal cord. 9. Dyspnoea 

 and its different forms. 1Q. Eupnoea or normal quiet respiration. 



11. Experimental apnoea from artificial respiration with the bellows. 



12. Foetal apnoea, and the analogous forms of experimental apnoea 

 that can be produced in the adult. 13. Voluntary, as compared with 

 experimental apnoea. 14. Apnoea produced by continuous ventilation 

 in birds. 15. Periodic respiration, or Cheyne- Stokes phenomenon. 

 16. Physiological theory of respiratory rhythm. Bibliography. 



CHAPTER XIV 



THE LYMPH, AND INTERCHANGES BETWEEN THE BLOOD AND THE 



TISSUES 505 



1. Structure of lymphatic vascular system, lymph spaces, sinu-c-. 

 and cavities. 2. Origin ; physical, morphological and chemical charac- 

 teristics ; qualitative and quantitative variations of lymph. 3. Lymph- 

 atic circulation, and the various mechanical factors by which it is 



