CONTENTS. xvii 



PAGE 



902. The glottis. The superior aperture and the several features of the 



larynx . 1447 



903. The minute structure of the parts of the larynx .... 1450 



904. The laryngoscopic view of the larynx ...... 1451 



905. The fundamental features of the voice ; loudness, pitch and quality. 

 The main conditions of the utterance of voice ; adduction and 



tightening of the vocal cords '. 1454 



906. The muscles of the larynx 1455 



907. The action of the muscles in reference to narrowing and widening 



the glottis and to tightening and slackening the vocal cords . 1460 



908. The nervous mechanisms of the larynx. The respiratory move- 

 ments of the larynx 1461 



909. The nervous mechanism of phonation 1463 



910. The cortical area for movements of the larynx .... 1463 



911. The different kinds of voice. Changes in the glottis other than 



those of mere adduction and general tension .... 1464 



912. Chest-voice and head-voice. The registers of the voice. The com- 

 plexity of the laryugeal movements 1466 



913. The uses of the ventricles and other parts of the larynx . . . 1470 



914. The ' break ' in the voice at puberty 1470 



SECTION II. 



SPEECH. 



915. Speech, a mixture of musical sounds and of noises .... 1471 



916. Vowels and consonants 1471 



917. The manner of formation of the several vowels .... 1472 



918. The manner of formation of the several groups of consonants . 1475 



919. The manner of formation of the more important individual con- 

 sonants . 1476 



SECTION III. 



ON SOME LOCOMOTOR MECHANISMS. 



920. The general characters of the actions of skeletal muscles . . 1480 



921. The erect posture 1481 



922. Walking . 1481 



