50 GYPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. [Jan. 



yet notwithstanding the fact that in the spring of 1908 many 

 of the large pines were literally yellow in places with the egg 

 clusters, a careful examination in the fall of the year showed 

 that, although the egg clusters had hatched freely, fresh egg 

 clusters were exceedingly rare. There had been a decrease of 

 the insect in this section estimated by Mr. Kirkland and the 

 writer at fully 90 per cent. 



Again, in a woodland colony at Marshfield a generally 

 infested section - - all white pine was similarly treated, the 

 hardwood and underbrush being removed, but no effort made 

 to destroy the egg clusters on the pines. This colony received 

 no further care during the summer, yet at the close of the 

 year but three new egg clusters were found. 



Considering the results of wholesale field experiments, to- 

 gether with those from the more carefully conducted investi- 

 gations of the previous year, we are led almost irresistibly to 

 the conclusion that a grove of white pine is absolutely safe 

 from damage by the gypsy moth caterpillars as long as its 

 borders are properly protected from invasion from without. 

 It will be perfectly safe, as far as the gypsy moth is concerned, 

 to make plantings of white pine, provided a belt of at least 200 

 feet in width is kept clear around the borders of the same. 

 It will also be perfectly safe to leave standing in the moth- 

 infested district blocks of white pine trees, provided all hard- 

 wood and underbrush are removed and kept down and the 

 borders similarly protected. This may be done either by cut- 

 ting clean belts around the blocks of pine, or by banding the 

 trees with sticky materials for a distance, say, of 100 feet 

 around the borders. We believe the results of this investiga- 

 tion to be of the greatest practical importance to those engaged 

 in forestry operations in this State or elsewhere in the gypsy- 

 moth-infested district, since it will permit of the general plant- 

 ing and cultivation of white pine without fear of damage from 

 the moths. 



DANGER TO LIVE STOCK. 



The experience of the past year substantiates that of 1907, 

 and confirms our opinion that where the solid stream spray 

 from high-power outfits is used there is a certain amount of 

 danger to live stock which may later feed beneath the sprayed 



