'226 



ARTERY, PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF. 



Holler, De arteriarum et venarum fabrica in Ej. 

 Op. minor, vol. i. Hunter, on the blood, &c. 4to. 

 Lond. 1794. Letierce, Essa ; , &c. sur la membrane 

 interne des arteres, Thes. de Paris, 1829, and in 

 Archiv. Gen. de Med. Nov. 1829. Haller resp. 

 Berklemann, De nervorum in arterias imperio, 4to. 

 Gotting. 1744, and in Halleri Op. Min. t. i. 

 Wrisberu, De nervis arterias venasque comitantibus, 

 in Ej. Comment, vol. i. 8vo. Gotting. 1800. Lucas, 

 Obs. Anat. circa nervos arterias adeuntes et comi- 

 tantes, 4to. Frft. a M. 1810, Germ, in Reil's 

 Archiv. Hd. ix. Ribes. in Mem. de la Soc. Med. 

 d'Emulalion, t. viii. 1817, and in Mcckel's Archiv. 

 Bd. v. Verschitir, De Arteriarum et Ven. vi irri- 

 tabili, &c. 4to. Groning. 1786. Parry, of the pulse, 

 &c. 8vo. Lond. 1816; Ej. Additional experiments 

 on the arteries, 8vo. Lond. 1819. Jaei/er, De ar- 

 teriarum pulsu, 8vo. Viceb. 1820. Hastings, De 

 vi contractili vasorum, 8vo. Edinb. 1818; Ejus, 

 on inflammation of the mucous membrane of the 

 lungs, and inquiry respecting the contractile power 

 of the bloodvessels, &c. 8vo. Lond. 1820. Mechel, 

 Verlauf der Arterien und Vencn, in Ejus Archiv. 

 B. i. 285 and 450. Ehrmann, Structure des ar- 

 teres, &c. 4to. Strasb. 1822. Belmas, Structure 

 des arteres, &c. 4to. Strasb. 1822. Oppenheim, 

 Experimenta circa vitam arteriarum, 4to. Mannh. 

 1822. Wreden, Arteriologische Tabellen. fol. 

 Hannov. 1721. Chirol, Tab. de toutes les arteres 

 du corps huinain, fol. Paris. Munay, Descriptio 

 arteriarum corp. human, in tab. redacta Diss. i.-iv. 

 4to. Upsal, 1780-83; 8vo. Lips. 1794; Anglice a 

 A. Scott, 8vo. Edinb. 1801. Barclay, Description 

 of the arteries of the human body, 12mo. Edinb. 

 1812. Harrison, Surg. anat. of the arteries of the 

 human body, 2 vol. 12mo. Dubl. 1824-25. Der- 

 mott, Locality and distribution of the arteries, 

 12mo. Lond. 1827 ; Ej. Illustr. of the arteries, fol. 

 Lond. 1825. Haller, Icones anatomies, fasc. i.- 

 vii. fol. Gotting. 1743-56. Bell, Engravings of 

 the arteries, 8vo. Lond. 1811, 1824. Manec, 

 Traite de la ligature des arteres, fol. Par. 1832. 

 Tiedemann, Tab. Arteriarum corp. humani, fol. 

 Caroliruhae, 1822. Froriep, Chirurg. Anat. der 

 Ligaturstellen am mensch. Kb'rper, fol. Weimar, 

 1830. Richerand, Moyens de determiner exacte- 

 ment la situat. et le trajet des arteres: Societ. 

 Philomat An 13. Blizard, Lect. on the situation 

 of the large bloodvessels, 8vo. Lond. 1798. * * * * 

 The comparative anatomy of the arteries generally 

 is treated of in the Introd. of Blumenbach, the 

 Lecons of Ctivier, the systems of Cants, Mechel, 

 Ucelli, Grant, &c. Particular subjects are dis- 

 cussed by the following writers: Carlisle, Pecu- 

 liarity in the distribution of the arteries sent to 

 the limbs of slow-moving animals, in Phil. Trans. 

 1800. Rapp, Ueber das Wundernetz, in Meckel's 

 Archiv. 1827. Barkow, Eigenthiimlichkeiten 

 ira Verlaufe der Schlagadern der Fischotter, in 

 Meek. Archiv. 1829, and in Ej. Disquisit. circa 

 orig. et decurs. Arteriarum, 4to. Lips. 1829. Bauer, 

 Nonnul. Avium systema arteriosum, 4to. Berol. 

 1825. Nitsch, De avium arteria carotide communi, 

 Halse, 1829. Barkow, Schlagadersystem der Vbgel, 

 in Meek. Archiv, Jahr 1829. Meckel, in Ej. Ar- 

 chiv, Jahr 1826. Schlemm, Blutgefasssystem der 

 Schlangen, in Tiedem. u. Treviran. Zeitschr. f. 

 Physiologic, 2ter Bd. Tiedemann, Anat. der 

 Fischherzens, 4to. Landshut. 1809. Rathke, Herz- 

 kammer der Fische, in Meek. Arch. 1826. Cuvier 

 8f Valenciennes, Hist. nat. des Poissons, t. i. Paris, 

 1828. Owen, on the Nautilus Pompilius, 4to. Lond. 

 1832. 



( J. Hart.) 



ARTERY, PATHOLOGICAL CONDI- 

 TIONS OF. Notwithstanding the brilliant 

 success that has attended the labours of British 

 surgeons in the department of their profession 

 having reference to the arteries,a success that has 

 deprived haemorrhage of its terrors, and aneurism 



of half its danger, the pathology of the arterial sys- 

 tem is still far from being perfectly understood. 

 Doubtless, the appearances of disease in its more 

 advanced and destructive forms have been ac- 

 curately described as they have been carefully 

 observed, but that invaluable information which 

 enables a practitioner to detect its early and 

 silent approach, to trace its progress by con- 

 necting each symptom with the morbid change 

 that is going forward, and to predict with accu- 

 racy the time arid the manner of its termination, 

 is as yet but very imperfect. Many circum- 

 stances have unavoidably contributed to this. 

 It is quite possible that arteries may be in an 

 unhealthy condition without presenting any in- 

 dication of disease during life, which is, therefore, 

 in the subsequent examination overlooked. It is 

 more than questionable whether arteritis occa- 

 sions pain, for it has been observed in situations 

 in which the patient never complained, and as 

 persons do not die from inflammation of the 

 arteries, the intensity of the disease has time to 

 subside, and its effects only remain for obser- 

 vation in alterations in the coats of the vessels, 

 or in an aneurism. Many able and intelligent 

 practitioners who have met with aneurisms 

 without number, have yet not seen an example 

 of acute arteritis, and are disposed to consider 

 the red colour of the internal membrane of the 

 vessel observed in cases presumed to be so by 

 others as a staining by the blood after death . 

 These facts prove the imperfection of our know- 

 ledge of the pathology of the -arterial system ; 

 and years of patient investigation must still 

 be passed both by the bed-side and in the 

 dissecting-room before the dreams of hypo- 

 thesis give place to the certainty of scientific 

 demonstration. 



In prosecuting this inquiry, that source of 

 information so valuable in the elucidation of 

 other subjects in physiology, the experimenting 

 on animals, is wholly closed ; the artery of the 

 animal bearing no analogy whatever to that of 

 man, either in susceptibility of disease or in the 

 powers of reparation after injury. It appears, 

 from Dr. Jones's* experiments, that the artery 

 of a dog, if wounded only to a moderate ex- 

 tent, is capable of re-uniting and of healing so 

 completely that after a certain time the cicatri- 

 zation cannot be discovered, either on its inter- 

 nal or external surface ; whilst it is nearly certain 

 that in man the wound of an artery can only 

 be healed by the complete obliteration of the 

 vessel at the spot where it has been injured. 

 It is difficult if not impossible to bleed an 

 animal to death by opening a moderately sized 

 artery, whilst few surgeons would be willing to 

 entrust a wound of a branch of the temporal in 

 man to the resources of nature alone. The facts, 

 too, that aneurism is a disease unknown among 

 inferior animals, that it cannot, by any inge- 

 nuity of contrivance, be artificially produced, and 

 that the earthy depositions so commonly met 

 with in the arteries of aged persons are peculiar 

 to the human species, would tend to shew that 

 some difference of structure existed, some pe- 

 culiarity favourable to the production of dis- 



* Jones on Haemorrhage, pp. 107 to 111 incj. 



