126 GYPSY AND BKOWN-TAIL MOTHS. [Jan. 



Budapest ; Dr. Heller of the Zoological and Ethnological Museum 

 in Dresden ; Dr. Arnold Jacobi of the Royal Forestry School in 

 Tharandt ; and Dr. Paul Marchal of the Agricultural Experiment 

 Station, Paris. There were engaged as collectors Mr. Fritz 

 Wagner of Vienna, Mr. Edouard Schopfer of Dresden, Miss Marie 

 Riihl of Zurich and Prof. A. J. Cook of Berlin. In addition to 

 these paid agents and to the official entomologists a number of 

 other entomologists have offered their services gratuitously, and 

 among them especially must be mentioned M. Ren6 Oberthiir of 

 Reunes, France, who has sent over a large quantity of supposedly 

 parasitized nests of the brown-tail moth. 



I attended a meeting of the Entomological Society of France 

 and made a statement of the work to the members, and all of them 

 promised encouragement and assistance. To all agents, volunteer 

 and paid, the same instructions have been given, namely : to send 

 to your address in Boston as many full-grown larvae and pupae as 

 possible of both the gypsy moth and the brown-tail moth, packed in 

 small boxes with abundant supply of food, and forwarded by mail. 



The average percentage of parasitism in all European countries 

 is very high, and the results of the comparatively few sendings 

 which were started from Europe in June and July indicate that it 

 is a perfectly simple matter to secure the receipt of living parasites 

 in Boston. At the time of my arrival in Europe and of my visit 

 to the different entomologists it was already too late to secure 

 larvse and pupae of the brown-tail moth. As I proceeded north 

 from Naples I was everywhere met with the statement that brown- 

 tail moths had already emerged. But with the gypsy moth the 

 case was different. Professor Leonard! was able to secure several 

 thousand full-grown larvae and pupa? in Sardinia. Mr. Wagner 

 and I collected quite a large number near Vienna, Mr. Schopfer 

 was able to collect a number near Dresden, and Miss Riihl was 

 able to secure specimens from north Germany. I was unable to 

 find any about Paris. From those gypsy moth larvae and pupae 

 thus secured there have been bred six species of parasites since 

 their arrival in this country ; of these, the only one which promises 

 results next spring is Tachina larvarum, of which we have perhaps 

 500 living pupae. 



On the statement of Professor Jablonowski of Budapest, that 

 the winter nests of the brown-tail moth contained minute parasites, 

 I have secured the sending over of perhaps 80,000 nests of the 

 brown-tail moth from different parts of Europe, and from these it 

 is hoped that we may. breed an abundant supply of parasites the 

 coming spring. 



