SECTION C THE URBAN COMMUNITY 



(Hall 5, September 22, 10 a.m.) 



SPEAKERS: PROFESSOR J. JASTROW, University of Berlin. 



PROFESSOR Louis WUARIN, University of Geneva. 



THE RELATIONS OF THE URBAN COMMUNITY TO 

 OTHER BRANCHES OF SOCIAL SCIENCE 



BY J. JASTROW 



(Translated by Professor Charles W. Seidenadel, Ph.D., University of Chicago) 



[J. Jastrow, Ph.D., Professor of Political Economy, University of Berlin; Eco- 

 nomic Adviser of the Berlin Senior Merchants' Association; Member of- the 

 Executive of the Charlottenburg Municipality, b. September 13, 1856. 

 Universities: Breslau, Berlin, Gottingen, 1874-78; Ph.D. Gottingen, 1878. 

 Decent at the Berlin University, 1885. Author of Strafrechtliche Stellung 

 der Sklaven bei Deutschen und Angelsachsen (1878); Geschichte des deutschen 

 Einheitstraumes (1884; 4th ed. 1891; prize paper); Deutsche Geschichte im 

 Zeitalter der Hohenstaufen (1893); Dreiklassensystem (1894); Einrichtung von 

 Arbeit snachweisen (1898); Kommunale Anleihen (1900); Sozialpolitik und 

 Verwaltungswissenschaft, Vol. i: Arbeitsmarkt und Arbeitsnachweis, Geiverbe- 

 gerichte und Einigungsdmter (1902); Krisis auf dem Arbeitsmarkte (1903). 

 Editor of Jahresberichte der Geschichtswissenschaft (1881-94); Soziale Praxis 

 (1893-97); Das Gewerbegericht and Der Arbeitsmarkt (since 1897).] 



IF we want to gain information about the relations of the subject 

 of this paper, the urban community, to kindred sciences, we proceed 

 in the easiest way by considering that the urban community has three 

 other communities beneath itself, above itself, and at its side: 

 beneath itself the family, above itself the state, and at its side the 

 rural community. 



Wherever an urban community formed itself, it found the already 

 existing family; by this fact it has been directed in its development. 

 Nowhere is the urban community an original community grown out 

 of individuals, but it is everywhere a coalition of existing social 

 formations. The formation of a higher order is determined by the 

 elements from which it has grown. And even to-day, after the urban 

 community has long ago attained to independent activity separated 

 from the family, the influence of that origin is still evident in the 

 selection of the objects of its activity. Perhaps there is no country 

 in which this dependency is more apparent than in Germany. 



The principal objects of activity of a German urban community, 

 i. e., those which bring the greater part of the citizens, either actively 



