808 THE INDUSTRIAL GROUP 



up this water satisfactorily becomes apparent on a few moments' re- 

 flection to one who knows even the primary elements of the problem 

 involved. 1 



If space were sufficient it would be interesting to consider at some 

 length those who are left behind by industrial evolution and the 

 problem that they present. We have those who make up the element 

 in our population that has been called the submerged tenth. These 

 must be carried as painlessly as possible for themselves but without 

 injury to society. Criminals are included in this submerged tenth. 

 It is now generally conceded by criminologists that they should be 

 shut up during criminality and that the aim in their incarceration 

 should be reformation. It is also clearly perceived that we must 

 define our terms and not place among the criminal class those who 

 by nature do not belong to it. No one can say how large the class 

 of natural criminals is, but it is much smaller than has been frequently 

 supposed. When we look at the facts of the case we discover that in 

 our bungling we have been making criminals of men. It is as true as 

 it is trite to say that the ordinary county jail is a school of crime. 

 Through juvenile courts and modern methods we know how to 

 reduce the number of criminals. 



We may consider also the feeble-minded who require custodial care 

 and those educational methods that will give them the highest 

 development possible. At the same time they must be confined to 

 prevent reproduction. 



We have the insane who are not equal to the strain of modern life. 

 Thus we could continue. We have a permanent condition in those 

 left behind in the transition from stage to stage and from phase to 

 phase. The only way that this can be prevented is through the con- 

 trol of reproduction of human species. Something can be done in 

 this direction and is being done, as for example, in Wisconsin, where 

 the feeble-minded are confined, and as in Connecticut, which has the 

 most advanced legislation in this country on the subject of marriage. 



The main industrial problem is found in the conditions of the 

 great mass of men who are capable of development, but require help 

 to help themselves in order that they may become equal to modern 

 industrial conditions. 



We have, as we advance, and with every stage in our advancement, 

 an increased expensiveness of adjustment on account of the greater 

 demands on the individual in the more complex society. This is part 

 of the price of industrial progress, and the wealth to pay this price 

 is furnished in the very increased productivity which causes the 

 higher price. 



1 Elwood Mead's " Review of Irrigation Investigation," in the Annual Report 

 of Experiment Stations for 1902, pp. 374, 375, United States Department of 

 Agriculture. 



