CONTROL OF DEPENDENCIES 397 



It might be suggested with some plausibility that this condition 

 of things, where Anglo-Saxons are involved, necessitates a departure 

 from that people's traditional policy of social exclusiveness. A care- 

 ful observation, however, seems to indicate that under present 

 conditions there may be cooperation in government as well as in 

 business without social amalgamation. It was once thought that 

 there could be no cooperation in political affairs except among per- 

 sons of a common descent or a common religious faith. But recent 

 experience has given us a new view. Men may have the most diverse 

 private interests, and move along separate lines in the ordinary con- 

 cerns of life, and yet have a strong common interest in the affairs of 

 their government. It is not necessary that the Anglo-Saxons should 

 be shaded off into the indigenous inhabitants by a system of cross- 

 breeding in order that social peace and political harmony may be 

 preserved. There is mutual respect between races of pure blood, 

 and the mestizo is seldom a source of political strength. Yet it is 

 possible that the peaceful cooperation of two races is more difficult 

 under a liberal colonial administration than where the members of 

 the controlling nation exercise an uncompromising domination. 

 The more liberal administration will doubtless advance the well- 

 being of all concerned, but it will require for its successful prosecu- 

 tion the exercise of qualities which the Anglo-Saxons have only 

 imperfectly cultivated. If the Dutch policy is to be carried out, 

 there is need of a certain amount of force, but it may not be neces- 

 sary to lay great stress on conciliation or the compromising spirit. 

 It is more difficult to administer the present than the earlier form of 

 colonial control, for it is more difficult to acquire the wisdom with 

 which to govern under freedom than the force with which to rule 

 arbitrarily. 



As to form of control, our race appears to be limited to a narrow 

 range. The colonial governments established by Western nations, 

 as well as the national governments themselves, seem to be deter- 

 mined by the force of a political instinct, and are in large measure 

 merely reproductions of an original type. The original tribal chief, 

 council, and assembly which are reproduced in the King, Lords, and 

 Commons, and in the President, Senate, and House of Representa- 

 tives, reappear in the governmental forms of the most important 

 modern colonies. Where the colonial organization falls short of this 

 elaborate form, the limitation appears to be determined by the 

 quality of the inhabitants or by some external physical condition. 

 The suggestion that we should govern as dependencies branches of 

 an alien race under the forms and according to the ideas of the inhab- 

 itants has not great practical force; for wherever we govern, we are 

 moved to govern by our hereditary rules. We know only imper- 

 fectly the governmental forms of other races, and we know less about 



