690 SOCIAL SCIENCE 



that our review would be conspicuously deficient if we did not note 

 its tendencies in the same direction. Slowly but surely the religious 

 social consciousness is dawning again. Its appearance, now as 

 before is identified with the world view and movement of the churches. 

 Its social and even industrial expression has already begun to be 

 worthily chronicled from original sources with scientific spirit and 

 historical perspective, notably in Dennis's three massive volumes 

 bearing the significant title Christian Missions and Social Progress. 

 This first work of its kind deserves to be classed with Ulhorns's 

 Charity in the Primitive Church, Schmidt's Social Results of 

 Early Christianity, and Brace's Gesta Christi. The exigencies 

 of missionary work on foreign- fields, which is represented by this 

 author, has not allowed the dualistic separation of religion from life, 

 and has necessitated a closer identification of the common faith with 

 the domestic, industrial, and community interests of the common 

 life. Especially marked is this in some of the exceptionally success- 

 ful work among the subject races and abject classes. No more 

 expert work has been done by government or under scientific 

 educational auspices than in some Christian missions and schools 

 among the islanders of the Pacific, the negroes of Zululand, and in 

 the American black belt by the American Missionary Association 

 and under Booker T. Washington at Tuskeegee, with the Indians 

 at Hampton and Carlisle and on some of the reservations. 



The conditions of life especially in the cities of Christendom 

 are developing church agencies, which still far from adequate 

 to meet the religious situation or the ethical need, promise much 

 development. Typical among them are the Inner Mission and also 

 Naumann's social propaganda in Germany; Christian social move- 

 ments in the Established and Free Churches of England and the 

 adult schools of the English Friends; the Young Men's and Young 

 Women's Christian Associations, with their physical, educational, 

 railway, and shop departments and equipment; the institutional 

 type of church work, especially that of the Protestant Episcopal 

 Church in New York and the Wesleyans in London; and the re- 

 awakening among the sodalities and institutions of the American 

 Roman Catholic Church to contemporary needs and methods. 



These church activities are already having their formative influence 

 upon the worship, thought, and legislation of ecclesiastical bodies. 

 Hymns of social feeling and ideal are finding their place in authorized 

 collections, hitherto almost exclusively individualistic. Christian 

 ethics and even dogmatic theologies are placing new emphasis upon 

 their bearings on the collective life. The polity of every church 

 is becoming more democratic. The religious sentiment is being 

 humanized. And last, and we fear least, but ultimately most inevit- 

 able of all the movements within religious bodies, is to be noted the 



