SECTION F THE CRIMINAL GROUP 



(Hall 5, September 23, 3 p. m.) 



SPEAKER: MR. FREDERICK H. WINES, Secretary of State Charities Aid Associa- 

 tion, Upper Montclair, New Jersey. 



THE NEW CRIMINOLOGY 



BY FREDERICK HOWARD WINES 



[Frederick Howard Wines, b. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 9, 1838. A.B. 

 Washington College, 1857; Princeton Theological Seminary, 1865; LL.D. 

 University of Wisconsin. Hospital Chaplain, United States Army, 1862-64; 

 Pastor, Springfield, Illinois, 1865-69; Secretary, State Board of Public Chari- 

 ties of Illinois, 1869-93, 1897-99: Assistant Director, Twelfth United States 

 Census, 1899-1902; Secretary, New Jersey State Charities Association, 1903-04. 

 Member of National Geographic Society; Royal Statistical Society; Society 

 des Prisons (France); National Prison Association (President, 1904). Author 

 of thirteen volumes of biennial reports of the Illinois State Board of Charities; 

 The Liquor Problem in its Legislative Aspects (joint author) ; Punishmenl and 

 Reformation; special decennial reports on crime, misfortune, and benevolence 

 for the United States Census of 1880 and of 1890 ; and of numerous articles 

 on charities and corrections.l 



WITH the voyage of Columbus in 1492 the world awakened to 

 self -consciousness. By that event the intellectual horizon of man- 

 kind was enlarged, and the birth of modern science and civilization 

 foreshadowed and assured. Of the many changes in habits of 

 thought and life that may be traced to this original source, not the 

 least noteworthy is the altered attitude of society and of govern- 

 ments in general toward crime and criminals. Does the history of 

 prison reform for the past four hundred years enable us to predict 

 with any approach to certainty what its future is likely to be? I think 

 so; because the prison, in common with other social institutions, has 

 gathered into itself and reflects all the experience and tendencies of 

 contemporary social evolution. All men of average intelligence and 

 information know what have been the main lines of progress. The 

 darkness of superstition has fled before the dawn of science, the arts 

 have been developed, the art of printing and improved methods of 

 transportation and communication have placed the experience of 

 every nation at the service of all mankind, wealth has multiplied 

 indefinitely, and civil and religious freedom have become the almost 

 universal heritage of Christendom. Best of all, the material advance 

 of the race has been accompanied by a moral and humanitarian uplift 

 not less wonderful and even more beneficent. Since no revolution 

 ever goes backward, we have no reason to anticipate any permanent 



