SECTION E MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 



(Hall 15, September 24, 3 p. TO.) 



SPEAKERS: MR. ALBERT SHAW, Editor American Monthly Review of Reviews. 



Miss JANE ADDAMS, Hull House, Chicago. 

 SECRETARY: PROFESSOR JOHN A. FAIRLIE, University of Michigan. 



RELATIONS OF MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 



BY ALBERT SHAW 



[Albert Shaw, Editor of American Monthly Review of Reviews, b. Shandon, 

 Butler County, Ohio, July 23, 1857. A.B. Iowa College, 1879; A.M. ibid. 

 1882; Ph.D. Johns Hopkins University, 1884; LL.D. University of Wis- 

 consin, 1904; Post-graduate of Johns Hopkins University and universities 

 of Europe. Editor of the Minneapolis Tribune. Member of Academy of Poli- 

 tical Science, American Statistical Association, American Historical Association, 

 American Forestry Association, and many others. Author of Icaria, A Chapter 

 in the History of Communism; The National Revenue; Cooperation in the North- 

 west; Municipal Government in Great Britain; Municipal Government in Con- 

 tinental Europe.} 



THE century whose progress this Exposition celebrates has been 

 for nothing else more remarkable than for its creation, not merely 

 in this new world, but also in the old world, of the modern urban 

 community. Speaking broadly, the cities of Great Britain and 

 Germany in their present characteristics are as recent phenomena as 

 the cities of this Louisiana Purchase region itself. Where five mil- 

 lion people live under urban conditions as a part of a great com- 

 munity adjacent to New York Harbor, there were not one hundred 

 thousand people when the Louisiana Purchase was consummated. 

 London and Paris were ancient cities, with their splendors of old 

 architecture and their pride of municipal and local tradition. But 

 all that vast and complex development of the metropolis that London 

 and Paris, Berlin and Vienna, have to deal with to-day, is of as late 

 emergence as Buenos Ayres or Chicago. The modern city, whether 

 of cosmopolitan character or merely commercial and industrial, is in 

 all its larger aspects, for political and social purposes, the outgrowth 

 of new conditions which began to make themselves powerfully 

 effective only in the nineteenth century. Those conditions were 

 brought about chiefly by the utilization of steam power for manu- 

 facturing and for locomotion. In the economic world the predomin- 

 ant modern factor has been the creation of productive capital. 

 Capital has aggregated itself principally in machines and instruments 

 of transportation. The result has been that we live under material 

 conditions that have become more profoundly transformed since 



