THE EDUCATED MAN AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS 433 



their failure to apprehend their individual relation to their fellow 

 men. That the essence of religion is righteousness they would not 

 deny, but the social nature of righteousness they do not understand. 

 Breadth and comprehensiveness of the law of love has not been 

 brought home to them. 



"When we realize that the essence of sin is a defect of love, there 

 is a new standard by which to measure human character, and there 

 are many who fall before it. Social injustice, disorder, discontent, 

 are due to a failure to recognize that the law of love applies to the 

 whole of human life. It defines the relation of man, not only in 

 the home and church, but in industry, commerce, and politics." 



When we apply the second commandment to the conditions of 

 capital and labor we find signs of improvement, but still conditions 

 are far from ideal. 



Ideal relationship does not mean industrial war, such as we now 

 have to confront. Instead of a perfect union of all interested men, 

 we have to-day a union of capital and a union of labor. Jevons 

 has stated a law of political economy which seems also to be a true 

 application of Christianity. The following of the law would give us 

 a peaceful and unified society instead of warring factions. He says 

 that the present doctrine is that the workmen's interests are linked 

 to those of other workmen, and the employers' interests are linked 

 to those of other employers. Eventually it will be seen that indus- 

 trial lines should be perpendicular, not horizontal. The workman's 

 interest should be bound up in his employer's and should be pitted 

 in fair competition against those of other workmen and employers. 

 There would be then no arbitrary rate of wages in organized con- 

 tracts, no long disputes, rendering business necessarily hazardous. 

 The best workman should seek out the best master, and the best 

 master the best workman. Zeal to produce the best and cheapest 

 and most abundant goods would take the place of zeal in obstruc- 

 tive organizations. The faithful workman would not only receive a 

 share of any additional profits which such zeal created, but he would 

 become a shareholder on a small scale in the firm, and a partaker 

 in the insurance, superannuation benefits, which the firm would 

 hold out to him with approximate certainty of solvency. This, I 

 believe, is both Christian and scientific. But trouble will come. 

 What then? Lyman Abbott, in the spirit of Jesus, replies: Concilia- 

 tion, arbitration, law. These ideas are gaining ground and all have 

 practical application. 



This illustration from Carroll D. Wright will point out a method 

 in favor of conciliation: 



" Sometime ago the employees of the Southern Railroad (a com- 

 bination then having about 6000 employees and 4500 miles of track) 

 demanded of the management a restoration of the wages paid them 



