1 86 



WILLIAM M. WHEELER. 



opinions concerning the subfamily to which the group should be 

 assigned. Emery ('95, '01"), who emphasizes morphological 

 characters, regards the Cerapachyinse as veritable Dorylinae, 

 while Forel ('99, '01), who is inclined to lay considerable stress 

 on ethological characters, maintains that these ants are true 

 Ponerinae. Accordingly Emery includes the Cerapachyinae and 

 Dorylinae (st't/s. str.} as two coordinate groups under the sub- 



a 



FIG. 3. Cerafachys peringueyi Emery, a, female (apterous); b, worker. 



After Emery. 



family Dorylinae, whereas Forel would regard the three tribes 

 Acanthostichii, Cerapachyi and Cylindromyrmii as so many 

 tribes of Ponerinae. 



Emery's position may be stated as follows : Almost nothing 

 is known concerning the habits of the Cerapachyinae and mere 

 ethological inferences cannot help us in deciding the question of 

 affinities. The female of Acanthostichus (see Fig. 4, <?) is wingless 

 and decidedly Dichthadia-term (" batie sur le type Dichthadia a 

 peine mitige "), like the females of Dorylns and Eciton. The 

 males of the Cerapachyinae have no cerci and have retractile 

 copulatory organs like the Dorylinae, whereas the cerci are present 

 and the genitalia more or less exserted in the male Ponerinae. 

 In general, comparatively little value can be attached to the con- 



