16 THE HISTORY OF THE SOUTH POLE 



This was the last expedition to visit the Antarctic 

 regions in a ship propelled by sails alone. 



The next great event in the history of the southern 

 seas is the Challenger expedition. This was an entirely 

 scientific expedition, splendidly equipped and conducted. 



The achievements of this expedition are, however, so 

 well known over the whole civilized world that I do not 

 think it necessary to dwell upon them. 



Less known, but no less efficient in their work, were 

 the whalers round the South Shetlands and in the 

 regions to the south of them. The days of sailing-ships 

 were now past, and vessels with auxiliary steam appear 

 on the scene. 



Before passing on to these, I must briefly mention a 

 man who throughout his life insisted on the necessity 

 and utility of Antarctic expeditions Professor Georg 

 von Neumayer. 



Never has Antarctic research had a warmer, nobler, 

 and more high-minded champion. So long as ' Ant- 

 arctica " endures, the name of Neumayer will always be 

 connected with it. 



The steam whaler Gronland left Hamburg on July 22, 

 1872, in command of Captain Eduard Dallmann, bound 

 for the South Shetlands. Many interesting geographical 

 discoveries were made on this voyage. 



Amongst other whalers may be mentioned the 



