NOTOCHORD AND VERTEBRAL COLUMN. 



547 



Ch 



it the vertebral arches directly rest. In Klasmobranchii the 

 sheath of the notochord undergoes a more complicated series of 

 changes, which result first of all in the formation of a definite 

 unsegmented cartilaginous tube 1 

 round the notochord, and subse- 

 quently (in most forms) in the 

 formation of true vertebral bodies. 

 Between the membrana elastica 

 externa and the sheath of the 

 notochord a layer of cells becomes 

 interposed (fig. 316, //), which lie 

 in a matrix not sharply separated 

 from the sheath of the notochord. 

 The cells which form this layer 

 appear to be derived from a special 

 investment of the notochord, and 

 to have penetrated through the 

 membrana elastica externa to 

 reach their final situation. The 

 layer with these cells soon increases 

 in thickness, and forms a continuous unsegmented tube of 

 fibrous tissue with flattened concentrically arranged nuclei (fig. 

 317, Vb). Externally is placed c f, 

 the membrana elastica externa 

 (me/), while within is the cuticular 

 sheath of the notochord. This 

 tube is the cartilaginous tube 

 spoken of above and is known as 

 the cartilaginous sheath of 

 the notochord. 



FIG. 315. SECTION THROUGH 

 THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN OF AMMO- 

 CCETES. (From Gegenbaur.) 



Ch. notochord ; cs. notochordal 

 sheath; m. spinal cord; a. aorta; 

 7'. cardinal veins. 



.- 



s.c 



me.e 



The exact origin of the cartilaginous 

 tube just described is a question of fun- 

 damental importance with reference to 

 the origin of the vertebral column and 

 the homologies of its constituent parts ; 

 but is by no means easy to settle. In the account of the subject in my 

 memoir on Elasmobranch Fishes I held with Gegenbaur that it arose from 



FIG. 316. LONGITUDINAL SEC- 

 TION THROUGH A SMALL PART OF 

 THE NOTOCHORD AND ADJOINING 

 PARTS OF A SCYLLIUM EMBRYO, AT 

 THE TIME OF THE FIRST FORMA- 

 TION OF THE CARTILAGINOUS 

 SHEATH. 



('//. notochord; sc. sheath of noto- 

 chord; n. nuclei of cartilaginous 

 sheath ; me.c. memhrana elastica 

 externa. 



1 This tube consists of a peculiar form of fibrous tissue rather than true cartilage, 

 though part of it subsequently becomes hyaline cartilage. 



352 



