INSTITUTIONS, DEGREES, ETC. 395 



B. Degrees and Diplomas in Medicine 



The degrees and diplomas of the State, earned under the Facul- 

 ties of Medicine, the "Facultes mixtes," and the "Ecoles de plein 

 exercice de Medecine et de Pharmacie," are the "Doctorat en 

 medecine," the "Diplome de chirurgien-dentiste," and the "Di- 

 plomes de sagefemme" (ist and 2nd class). 



Doctorat en Medecine. The diploma of the State of " docteur en 

 medecine" is the degree which confers the right to practice medicine 

 throughout the entire extent of French territory. Conditions of 

 admission: Candidates must present the " baccalaureat francais" 

 and the "certificat d'etudes physiques, chimiques et naturelles" 

 ("P. C. N."), granted by a Faculty of Science. No exemption or 

 equivalence is admitted. Prescribed course: Five years of re- 

 quired studies, involving twenty "inscriptions." Clinical work is 

 obligatory during the entire term of study. During the first four 

 years it must be pursued at the seat of the faculty or School itself; 

 during the fifth year, it may, with the consent of the Faculty, be 

 pursued in institutions at the choice of the student either in France 

 or abroad. Internes and externes attached to hospitals, who are 

 appointed on the basis of competitive examinations may count 

 their service as equivalent to the clinical work in medicine and 

 surgery. Examinations at the end of each of the five years of 

 study. Three clinical examinations. Defense of a thesis. Ex- 

 penses involved: "Inscriptions" and laboratory fees, 950 francs ; 

 fees for examinations, thesis and diploma, 690 francs. 



Diplome de Chirurgien-Dentiste. This diploma is required of 

 everyone who wishes to practice dentistry in France. Conditions 

 of admission: Candidates must be at least 16 years old and must 

 present either the "baccalaureat," or the "brevet superieur de 

 I'enseignement primaire," or the "certificate d'etudes primaires 

 superieures," or the "diplome de fin d'etudes de I'enseignement 

 secondaire des jeunes filles." No equivalence or exemption is 

 permitted. Prescribed course: Five years, comprising three years 

 of studies and two years of clinical work, involving twelve "in- 

 scriptions." The clinical and scholastic work is done, either in the 

 Faculties or Schools of Medicine in which dental instruction is 

 organized, or in the independent institutions of higher dental 

 instruction; e. g., the "Ecole dentaire," the "Ecole odontotech- 

 nique," and the "Ecole dentaire francaise" in Paris. A partial 

 exemption from the prescribed course may be granted to foreign 

 dentists if they have already obtained one of the French diplomas 



