92 EDUCATION 



degree. What may be called special method courses, 

 however, are very numerous in the faculty of letters. 

 In 1914-15, for example, fourteen of the twenty-five 

 instructors giving courses in history, and four of the 

 five giving courses in geography, announced special 

 work for candidates for the higher certificates or degrees. 

 DURKHEIM, who enjoys an international reputation 

 as a sociologist through his work on "Suicide," was 

 called from Bordeaux some years ago as successor to 

 the late Henri MARION. 



Some attention is given to educational theory in the 

 course of the Ecole Normale Superieure, as well as in 

 several of the other teachers' training schools in the 

 Academy of Paris, but admission to these courses may 

 be obtained only by special dispensation. 



Courses in educational theory are likewise few in the 

 provincial universities. Six : of the fifteen other uni- 

 versities announce courses in education, viz.: Besanc,on 

 offers one course in psychology applied to education, 

 and another in practical pedagogy; Dijon and Toulouse 

 give the work under "philosophy and pedagogy"; 

 Grenoble, Lille, and Lyon use the caption "science of 

 education." What has been said of the general nature 

 of the work at Paris is likewise true of that offered at the 

 provincial universities. 



Despite the lack of theoretical courses in education in 

 the French universities, there is a wide field for historical 

 research which has scarcely been touched. We in this 

 country know little about the historical development of 

 French institutions. Most of our history of education 

 has come to us from Germany by way of direct transla- 

 tion of German treatises. Barnard's great contributions 



1 Data on this particular topic are those given in "1'Annuaire de 

 1'instruction publique" for 1913, the latest available information. 



