i 2 8 GEOLOGY 



the "animaux sans vertebres," both living and fossil, 

 the foundations for his famous theories of development, 

 theories which are even more vigorously discussed today 

 than when they were first offered. Suffice it to mention 

 the names of only a few that every student of the science 

 knows: BARRANDE, BRONGNIART, DESHAYES, A. MILNE- 

 EDWARDS, POMEL, LEMOINE, and especially d'ORBiGNY. 

 And in palaeobotany the indebtedness of the world is 

 equally great, perhaps greater; for Adolphe BRONGNIART 

 has been rightly called the father of the science. And what 

 naturalist has not heard of SAPORTA? And there have 

 been and are many others. 



One is safe in saying, on a survey of the great names of 

 palaeontology, that no nation of the nineteenth century 

 did as much to advance the science of palaeontology ; none 

 has a greater list of eminent scientific names in palaeon- 

 tology. 



Instruction. What has France to offer the student of 

 palaeontology today? First of all, a rich and inspiring 

 memory of the great scientific men of the past. And, 

 secondly, the rich collections that have served these men 

 in their investigations, and the great museums and able 

 teachers of today. 



These collections are scattered more or less throughout 

 the institutions of France. But (it goes without saying) 

 the most extensive and important of all are in Paris, 

 and especially in the great Natural History Museum, 

 where American scientists have spent very pleasurable 

 and fruitful days. One of the divisions of its vast collec- 

 tions is formed by palaeontology ("Galerie d'anatomie 

 comparee, d'anthropologie, et de paleontologie," founded 

 by Cuvier). The library contains 250,000 volumes, and, 

 besides the lecture courses, there are monthly meetings 

 of the scholars pursuing research there. At the Ecole 



