CONTENTS. 15 



PACE 



CHAPTER I. IMAGINARY KNOWLEDGE OF PLANTS 358 



CHAPTER II. UNSYSTEMATIC KNOWLEDGE OF PLANTS 361 



CHAPTER III. FORMATION OF A SYSTEM OF ARRANGEMENT 



OF PLANTS. 



Sect. 1. Prelude to the Epoch of Ccesalpinus 369 



Sect. 2. Epoch of Csesalpinus. Formation of a System of Arrangement. . 373 



Sect. 3. Stationary Interval 378 



Sect. 4. Sequel to the Epoch of Csesalpinus. Further Formation and 



Adoption of Systematic Arrangement 382 



CHAPTER IV. THE REFORM OF LINNAEUS. 



Sect. 1 . Introduction of the Eeform 387 



Sect. 2. Lmnffian Keform of Botanical Terminology 389 



Sect. 3. " " " Nomenclature 391 



Sect. 4. Linnteus's Artificial System 395 



Sect. 5. Linnaeus' s Views on a Natural Method 396 



Sect. 6. Reception and Diffusion of the Linnasan Reform 400 



CHAPTER V. PROGRESS TOWARDS A NATURAL SYSTEM OF 



BOTANY 404 







CHAPTER VI. THE PROGRESS OF SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY.. 412 



CHAPTER VII. THE PROGRESS OF ICHTHYOLOGY 419 



Period of Unsystematic Knowledge 420 



Period of Erudition 421 



Period of Accumulation of Materials. Exotic Collections 422 



Epoch of the Fixation of Characters. Piay and Willoughby 422 



Improvement of the System. Artedi 423 



Separation of the Artificial and Natural Methods in Ichthyology 42G 



ORGANICAL SCIENCES. 

 BOOK XVII.' 



HISTORY OF PHYSIOLOGY AND COMPARATIVE 



ANATOMY. 



Introduction . . 486 



