638 ADDITIONS. 



re-discovery. With Goethe it was, I think, a deductive process, with 

 Linnaeus an inductive. Analyse Linnseus's observations and method, 

 and I think it will prove a good example of inductive reasoning. 



"P. 473. Perhaps Professor Auguste St. Hilaire of Montpellier 

 should share with De Candolle the honor of contributing largely to 

 establish the metamorphic doctrine ; their labors were cotempo- 

 raneous. 



" P. 390. Linnsetfs pointed out that the pappus was calyx : ' Et 

 pavpum gigni ex quarti anni foliis, in jam nominatis Carduis.' Prol. 

 Plant. 338." (J. D. H.} 



CHAPTER VII. 



ANIMAI, MORPHOLOGY. 



THE subject of Animal Morphology has recently been expanded into 

 a form strikingly comprehensive and systematic by Mr. Owen ; and 

 supplied by him with a copious and carefully-chosen language ; which 

 in his hands facilitates vastly the comparison and appreciation of the 

 previous labors of physiologists, and opens the way to new truths and 

 philosophical generalizations. Though the steps which have been 

 made had been prepared by previous anatomists, I will borrow my view 

 of them mainly from him ; with the less scruple, inasmuch as he has 

 brought into full view the labors of his predecessors. 



I have stated in the History that the skeletons of all vertebrate ani- 

 mals are conceived to be reducible to a single Type, and the skull 

 reducible to a series of vertebrae. But inasmuch as this reduction 

 includes not only a detailed correspondence of the bones of man with 

 those of beasts, but also with those of birds, fishes, and reptiles, it may 

 easily be conceived that the similarities and connexions are of a various 

 and often remote kind. The views of such relations, held by previous 

 Comparative Anatomists, have led to the designations of the bones of 

 animals which have been employed in anatomical descriptions; and 

 these designations having been framed and adopted by anatomists 

 looking at the subject from different sides, and having different views 

 of analogies and relations, have been very various and unstable ; besides 

 being often of cumbrous length and inconvenient form. 



The corresponding parts in different animals are called homoloffues. 



