THE INCORPORATORS 137 
sun. In 1861 he was placed in charge of the U. S. Naval Observ- 
atory, in which office he remained until his death in 186s. 
(From B. A. GouLp, in Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of 
Sciences, vol. 1, 1877, pp. 135-179.) 
AUGUSTUS ADDISON GOULD 
Born, April 23, 1805; died, September 15, 1866 
Dr. Gould was born in New Ipswich, New Hampshire, April 
23, 1805. His father was a teacher of music and a skilful 
engraver, but turned his hand to many things, among which was 
the management of a small farm on which he lived. From 1817 
to 1820 he was a member of the State Legislature. The care of 
the little farm among the hills demanded the help of his son 
Augustus, who at 15 years of age took entire charge of it. 
Having a desire to obtain more education than he had received 
at the common school, young Gould by great industry suc- 
ceeded in gaining the preparation for entering Harvard College, 
which he did in 1821. During his whole course he maintained 
himself by hard work and in strict economy. He studied 
medicine in Boston, and after spending one year as resident 
student in the Massachusetts General Hospital, received his 
doctor’s degree in 1830. He was still obliged to perform many 
hard tasks to gain the means of support, and among these we find 
mention of cataloguing and classifying 50,000 pamphlets in the 
Boston Atheneum Library. Natural history was always his 
favorite study, and he became a member of the Boston Society 
of Natural History soon after its formation, and labored after- 
wards for it until his death, rising at four o’clock in the morning 
and working on the collections before his professionial duties 
began. His first collections were of insects, but afterwards he 
turned his attention to mollusks. He prepared a volume of 
nearly 400 pages, on invertebrate animals of Massachusetts, 
illustrated by more than 200 drawings which he made with his 
own hand from nature. ‘This attracted much attention from 
naturalists both at home and in Europe, and received special 
commendation from the elder Agassiz. In 1848, Dr. Gould, in 
