THE INCORPORATORS 165 
moved with his family in 1824. John Strong Newberry, the 
youngest of nine children, was two years old at this time, having 
been born at Windsor, Connecticut, December 22, 1822. The 
flora and fauna about his home, and the fossils found in his 
father’s coal mines roused in his youthful mind an interest in 
nature, and we find him making large collections before he 
entered college. Preparing in a special school, he matriculated at 
the Western Reserve School, and was graduated in 1846. During 
the last two years of his course he studied medicine and after- 
wards entered the Cleveland Medical School, from which he 
received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1848. Sub- 
sequently he spent two years in Paris in medical studies, and 
engaged in the practice of his profession for four years at Cleve- 
land, Ohio. During all this time, he continued his natural 
history studies and published several papers. Dr. Newberry 
was appointed in 1855 assistant surgeon in the U. S. Army and 
botanist and geologist to the expedition, which, under the com- 
mand of Lieutenant R. S. Williamson, explored the country 
between San Francisco Bay and the Columbia River. Return- 
ing to the capital in 1856, while preparing his report, Dr. New- 
berry served for one year as Professor of Chemistry and Natural 
History in Columbian College, now George Washington 
University. The following year he acted as physician and 
naturalist to the Ives Expedition, and in 1859 as geologist of the 
San Juan Exploring Expedition. In these two positions the 
work was very arduous, as journeys were made through some 
of the wildest portions of the Western country, but much valuable 
scientific material was gathered. The report of the San Juan 
Expedition was not published for seventeen years, owing to the 
unsettled state of the nation caused by the Civil War. Thus, Dr. 
Newberry lost much credit due to him as an original geological 
and ethnological observer. 
Abandoning his scientific work at the breaking out of the 
War, Dr. Newberry entered the sanitary service, where, as 
secretary of the western department of the United States San- 
itary Commission, he showed his great executive ability, and 
