10 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



cation of science to purposes beneficial to the human race, as, in 

 the judgment of the National Academy of Sciences of the United 

 States, shall be esteemed most worthy of such honor. In accord- 

 ance with these terms, the Academy has recommended to the 

 trustees of Columbia University awards of the Barnard Medal as 

 follows : 



In 1895 to Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay now Sir 

 William Ramsay for their brilliant discovery of argon, a dis- 

 covery which illustrates so completely the value of exact scien- 

 tific methods in the investigation of the physical properties of 

 matter. 



In 1900 to Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen, for his discovery of the 

 X-rays. 



In 1905 to Henri Becquerel, for his discoveries in the field of 

 radio-activity. 



In 1910 to Ernest Rutherford, for meritorious services to 

 science resulting especially from his investigations of the phe- 

 nomena of radio-active materials. 



Seventh, the Wolcott Gibbs Fund. When Wolcott Gibbs, 

 who was one of the incorporators of the Academy and at one 

 time its honored President, reached the age of seventy in 1892, a 

 number of friends presented him with a sum of money to estab- 

 lish a fund bearing his name, the income to be devoted to aiding 

 in the prosecution of chemical research. Dr. Gibbs presented 

 this fund to the Academy, the income to be administered by a 

 board of directors, who " . . . . shall have absolute and entire 

 control of the disposition of the income of the fund, employing 

 it in such manner as they may deem for the best interest of chem- 

 ical science." 



Eighth, the Benjamin Apthorp Gould Fund. This was given 

 by Miss Alice Bache Gould, daughter of the distinguished 

 astronomer, Benjamin Apthorp Gould, one of the incorporators 

 of the Academy, who died in 1896. The amount was $20,000, 

 given as a memorial of the life work of her father, the income to 

 be used for the prosecution of researches in astronomy. 



