APPENDIX E: GALILEO 417 



two articles of the order, to wit, the order "not to teach," and "in 

 any manner," you argued that we ought to believe that, in the lapse 

 of fourteen or sixteen years, they had escaped your memory, and 

 that this was also the reason why you were so silent as to the order, 

 when you sought permission to publish your book, and that this is 

 said by you not to excuse your error, but that it may be attributed 

 to vainglorious ambition, rather than to malice. But this very cer- 

 tificate, produced on your behalf, has greatly aggravated your offense, 

 since it is therein declared that the said opinion is contrary to the 

 Holy Scripture ; and yet you have dared to treat of it, to defend it, 

 and to argue that it is probable ; nor is there any extenuation in the 

 licence artfully and cunningly extorted by you, since you did not 

 intimate the command imposed upon you. 



But whereas it appeared to us that you had not disclosed the whole 

 truth in regard to your intentions, We thought it necessary to pro- 

 ceed to the rigorous examination of you, in which (without any preju- 

 dice to what you had confessed, and which is above detailed against 

 you, with regard to your said intention) you answered like a good 

 Catholic. Therefore, having seen and maturely considered the 

 merits of your cause, with your said confessions and excuses, and 

 everything else which ought to be seen and considered, We have 

 come to the underwritten final sentence against you. 



Invoking, therefore, the Most Holy name of Our Lord Jesus Christ, 

 and of His Most Glorious Virgin Mother Mary, by this our final 

 sentence, which, sitting in council and judgment for the tribunal of 

 the Reverend Masters of Sacred Theology, and Doctors of Both 

 Laws, Our Assessors, We put forth in this writing touching the matters 

 and controversies before us, between the Magnificent Charles Sin- 

 cerus, Doctor of Both Laws, Fiscal Proctor of this Holy Office, of the 

 one part, and you, Galileo Galilei, an examined and confessed criminal 

 from this present writing as above, of the other part. We pronounce, 

 judge and declare, that you, the said Galileo, by reason of these things 

 which have been detailed in the course of this writing, and which, as 

 above, you have confessed, have rendered yourself vehemently sus- 

 pected by this Holy Office of heresy ; that is to say, that you believe 

 and hold the false doctrine, and contrary to the Holy and Divine 

 Scriptures, namely, that the sun is the centre of the world, and that 

 it does not move from the east to west, that the earth does move 

 and is not the centre of the world ; also that an opinion can be held 



