232 A. M. FIELDE. 



April 25 and May 10, 1904, out of cocoons from the August 

 eggs of the N queen. They were from fifty-seven to seventy- 

 two days old, and had never met other ants of their species, 

 when on July 6, 1904, I introduced to their nest their 

 queen-mothei. Within five minutes the queen had touched 

 antennae with every worker and had become the center of a 

 friendly group. 



Experiment D. Fourteen Camponotus workers hatched on or 

 after April 24, and on or before May 10, 1904, out of cocoons 

 from eggs laid by the N queen the preceding August. They 

 had never met other ants of their species, when on July 6, 1904, 

 the oldest of the segregated group was seventy-three days old, 

 and I introduced to their nest their queen-mother. There was 

 for an instant great excitement in the nest, and some tentative 

 nabbfng of the queen ; but in less than one minute the workers 

 had discovered that she was their own. Within a few minutes, 

 four of the workers had licked the queen, one had stood upon 

 her back, and seven others had grouped themselves close about 

 her. 



The behavior of these workers toward their queen indicates 

 that her odor is an unchanging one, or that if there be a change 

 in her odor it is but slowly effected. 



The behavior of these ants toward their queen was markedly 

 unlike their behavior toward their sisters, when great diversity in 

 ages was represented. 



4. Worker ants change in odor as they advance in age, 1 as 

 was shown by experiments made by me in 1902. Further evi- 

 dence of this fact will be offered later in this paper. Forty days 

 may pass with no change so great as to elicit from former ac- 

 quaintances any expression of suspicion or antagonism, but in 

 other cases from forty to sixty days so differentiates the known 

 odor as to inhibit association between the ants.- This suspicion 



'"Notes on an Ant," A. M. Fielde, Proceedings of the Academy of Natural 

 Sciences of Philadelphia, December, 1902, p. 609. Also " Cause of Feud Between 

 Ants of the same Species Living in Different Communities," A. M. Fielde, BIOLOG- 

 ICAL BULLETIN, Vol. V., No. 6, 1903, p. 327. 



2 All the ants employed in the experiments recorded by me have been under my 

 constant care and my frequent observation. No person beside myself has ever had 

 access to them. They have spent the summers, from the first of June to the end of 

 September, at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Holl, Mass., and the re- 

 mainder of every year in New York City. 



