434 SOME EXPEDITIONS AND DEEDS OF GREAT VIKINGS. 



in the last of which King Ingjald and his son Ubbi, 

 with many of their warriors, fell. Hring thereupon took 

 possession of Northumberland and the whole of Ingjald's 

 kingdom. 



" King Hring left England, placing as tax-king over North- 

 umberland Olaf, son of Kinrik, who was said to be a nephew 

 of Moalda the Stout, mother of Ivar Vidfadmi. 



" Then King Hring returned to his realm, and Olaf ruled 

 over Northumberland, until Eava (or Eana), son of Ubbi, 

 gained the throne. He and Olaf had many battles ; after the 

 last one King Olaf fled, and Eava won the kingdom. 



" Olaf went to Sweden to see King Hring, who then made 

 him chief of Jutland, and for long afterwards he was tax-king 

 there, first under King Hring, and afterwards under Ragnar 

 Lodbrok. 



" He was called Olaf the English, and his son was Grim the 

 grey, who got the kingship after his father. 



" Grini was father of Audulf the strong, who was tax-king 

 in Jutland under Ragnar Lodbrok ; Audulf's son was Gorm, 

 who was also tax-king in Jutland, and was named Gorm the 

 childless. 



" King Gorm had many thralls, and some of these had been 

 sent to Holtsetaland (Holstem) to buy wine, which they 

 carried on many horses " (Fornmanna Sogur, vol. i.). 



Among the most renowned and powerful chiefs and Vikings 

 of the North in the Sagas, who sailed far and wide, are Ragnar 

 Lodbrok * and his sons, whose deeds are closely connected 

 with the earlier history of England. 



The Saga which follows shows that the Northmen went to 

 England long before the time mentioned by the English 

 Chronicles. 



It is, as we have shown, vain to try to reconcile the English 

 or Frankish Chronicles with the Sagas. It is therefore obvious 

 that the men of the chronicles, whose names were similar to 

 the names of Ragnar and Lodbrok, are not Ragnar Lodbrok, 

 while on the other hand the so-called sons of Lodbrok, who 



i 



Ragnar Lodbrok's Saga is only a con- 

 tinuation of the Volsunga Saga, and 

 especially dwells upon the subject that 

 Ragnar's wife Aslaug was descended from 

 Sigurd Fafnisbani. The other story seems 

 to be a fragment of the same large Saga 



fadme and the Bravalla battle" (Munch : 

 'History of Norway '). 



Trustworthy registry of relationship 

 in ancient Northern writings unite in 

 putting; Ragnar Lodbrok three generations 

 earlier than the discovery of Iceland, 



about Haraid Hilditonn and his descend- which took place between 870-880. 

 ants, which describes the end of Ivar Vid- 



