CHAPTER XXXIII. 



THE DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT OF ICELAND, GREENLAND, 



AND AMERICA. 



Causes leading to the discovery of Iceland Naddod's expedition The expe- 

 dition of Gardar Svavarson Those of Floki, Ingolf, and Leif Iceland 

 so named by Floki Settlers in Iceland Discovery of Greenland 

 Thorvald and Eirek the Eed Discovery of America Bjarni's voyage 

 Leifs voyage Thorvald's voyage Attacked by plague Thorfinn Karl- 

 sefni's voyage Description of the inhabitants. 



FROM the Sagas and ancient records which relate to the earlier 

 events of the North, we find that the people spread westward 

 and southward to the Mediterranean. Later we see this mari- 

 time race seeking out new lands, and crossing the broad 

 Atlantic and discovering a New World. 



The policy of the Norwegian King Harald Fairhair, which 

 led to the subjection of many lesser chieftains about the 

 middle of the ninth century, gave rise to an emigration of the 

 more high-spirited chiefs in search of other lands, and resulted 

 in the discovery of Iceland, called in some Sagas Snowland, 

 and afterwards of Greenland and Vinland, or America. The 

 hero of the discovery of Iceland was a sea-rover called Naddod, 

 about the year 861. 



" Owing to his (Harald Fairhair) oppression, many people 

 fled from the country, and many uninhabited lands were then 

 settled Jamtaland, Helsingjaland, and the western lands, 

 Sudreyjar (the Hebrides), Dyninnar Skiri (the shire of Dublin 

 in Ireland), Katanes (Caithness) in Scotland, and Hjaltland 

 (the Shetlands), Normandi in Valland, Foereyjar (the Faroes). 

 At that time Iceland was discovered " (Egil's Saga, c. 4). 



DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT OF ICELAND. 



Iceland was discovered by Naddod about 861, and he was 

 followed by Floki about 867. Later Ingolf and Leif, powerful 



