101 



The viking Framar is thus described : " He wore a helmet 

 on his head, and was girt with a sword ; had a gold-enamelled 

 (giill-smeltr shield, and a spear in his hand " (Sturlaug Starf- 

 samis Saga, ch. 11). 



Fig. 889. Helmet of iron, veal size, found in the decayed remains of a small ship 

 buried in the Ultuna mound not far from (Jpsala. 



Olaf Haraldsson, when he was about to fight the battle at 

 Ness against Svein jarl : 



" Had on his ship one hundred men, and they had on ring 

 coats-of-mail and Welsh (foreign) helmets. Most of his men had 

 white shields, and on them was the holy cross in gold, but some 

 were painted with red or blue ; he had painted crosses in white 

 on the front of all helmets. He had a white standard which 

 was a serpent " (St. Olaf's Saga, c. -IT). 1 



1 C'f. Olaf's Saga, 216; Fornmanna -Sugur, viii. 



