16 MODE OF PRODUCTION 



cases, one of hjematuria with cancer and calculus in 

 the kidney, another of true tubercular disease of it, 

 and the third of inflammation of that organ and the 

 bladder ; by Christison in cerebriform disease ; and 

 by Syme in strumous disease. 



There is another class of cases in which, from 

 various causes, the circulation through the abdomi- 

 nal and renal veins becomes more or less obstructed, 

 and thus sometimes spontaneously, perhaps more 

 frequently from the conjoined effect of accidental 

 determination to the kidneys, a sufficient degree of 

 congestion of these organs is produced to cause the 

 temporary appearance of albumen in the urine. Thus 

 it has been observed in cases of peritonitis (pro- 

 bably affecting chiefly that portion adjacent to the 

 kidneys) by Nystel and others ; in pregnancy by 

 liayer ; during the crisis of fever, certain cutaneous 

 affections, and some inflammatory diseases (particu- 

 larly pneumonia), by Solon; in hypertrophy of the 

 heart, with valvular obstruction, by M. Fourget ; in 

 chronic inflammation of the liver by Graves ; in 

 phthisis, sometimes slightly in diabetic urine, and in 

 a few other cases, in all of which, either from sus- 

 pension of the cutaneous function and consequent 

 increased action of the kidneys, or from a direct 

 obstruction to the venous circulation in which the 

 renal veins participated, some degree of congestion 

 in these organs may naturally be supposed to have 

 existed. 



It is now necessary for me to state the exceptions 

 to the above rule, which are chiefly of importance 

 from their interfering with, and in some measure 



