420 



THE JEANNETTE ARCTIC EXPEDITION. 



tent warm it is double, the outer envelope enclosing an inner 

 tent or sleeping chamber. 



The outer tent consists of walrus skins sewed together 

 and stretched over wooden ribs, which are carefully bound 

 together by thongs of skin. The ribs rest on posts driven 

 into the ground, or on tripods of drift-wood, which are 

 steadied by seal skin sacks filled with sand or stones sus- 

 pended from the middle of them. The frame and covering 

 are anchored to the ground by means of twisted walrus 

 hide rope fastened to stones which serve as tent pins, and 

 sometimes a heavy stone is suspended from the top of the 

 tent roof. The ribs are also supported by cross stays. Snow 

 or earth is banked up around the outside of the tent. 



THE CIIUKCHE DWELLING. 



The inner tent is used as a sleeping chamber, where all 

 the family and their visitors pass the night. It is sur- 

 rounded by reindeer skins, and is sometimes further covered 

 with a layer of grass. The floor consists of a walrus skin, 

 stretched over a foundation of twigs and straw. At night 

 the floor is covered with a carpet of seal skins which is taken 

 away during the day. At night lamps of seal oil with wicks 

 of dried moss are kept constantly burning, and keep the 

 place uncomfortably warm for civilized people. The space 



