MAURICE H. RICHARDSON 53 



been omitted, or it may have been badly executed. Such 

 errors of omission or commission can be demonstrated only 

 upon the living. 



V. Pain is rarely complained of, even after the severest 

 operations upon human beings, if things are progressing 

 favorably. The vast majority of operations cause in them- 

 selves no pain after full recovery from the anesthetic. The 

 suffering is almost wholly mental, and is owing to anxiety 

 and to fear. 



In the lower animals the mental element in suffering is, 

 of course, absent. 



Very sincerely yours, 



MAURICE H. RICHARDSON. 



