HAROLD C. ERNST 153 



against each other or the surrounding flesh. But 

 during the two hours between its injury and its death 

 this horse grazed, AND LIMPED ABOUT TO 

 GRAZE, carrying the fractured limb dangling. 



" Such cases as these leave it no longer to conjec- 

 ture whether animals feel as keenly as we do. We 

 knew beforehand that they were not likely to do so, on 

 account of their lower mental caliber, implying an in- 

 ferior supply of nervous energy, and also on account 

 of the absence of the mental element in their suffer- 

 ings; we saw that their REACTIONS (commonly 

 called ' signs of pain ') proved only irritability, and not 

 feeling; and here is absolute demonstration of the 

 truth of our inferences. 



(page 19.) " We have now seen that the Feeling of 

 Pain is dependent upon Consciousness, and, in a cer- 

 tain degree, proportionate to Intellect ; consequently, 

 an animal at any time suffers less than a man would do 

 from the same cause ; and under anesthetics (like man) 

 does not suffer at all. Injuries to the brain are pain- 

 less to men, and must, therefore, be painless to animals. 

 Prolonged and deep operations are not more painful 

 to men than superficial ones (since the cutting of the 

 skin is the acutely painful phase of any operation), and 

 therefore they cannot be so to animals ; and we have 

 moreover seen from facts, that what would cause us 

 agony hardly disturbs their equanimity. Convales- 

 cence after operations is normally painless to both. 

 All these facts must be borne in mind in further 

 discussing the question of experiment upon living 

 Animals." 



AS TO THE PRESENT LAW 



I want to call the attention of the committee to the pres- 

 ent provision of the law, for if it is proposed to alter the 



