PART I. 



BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY: PAGE. 



CARBOHYDRATES 9 



Polysaccharides (Starch, Dextrine, Glycogen, Cellulose) . . 9 



Monosaccharides (Dextrose, Laevulose, Galactose ) 10 



Disaccharides (Saccharose, Lactose, Maltose) n 



LIPOIDS 12 



Fats and Oils 12 



Lipins ( Lecithin and Cholesterin ) 13 



PROTEINS 14 



Typical protein (egg albumin) 14 



Derived albumins or albuminates or metaproteins 17 



Albumoses or proteoses and peptones 17 



Plant proteins 18 



EXTRACTIVES 18 



SALTS 19 



ENZYMES 19 



Hydrolysing enzymes ( Inverting, Diastatic, Lipolytic and 



Proteolytic Enzymes) 23 



Coagulating enzymes 23 



Oxidizing and reducing enzymes 23 



Special characteristics of enzyme action 25 



Enzymes and metabolism in cells 27 



PART II. 



PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF CELLS 29 



A. SOLUTION AND DIFFUSION 29 



a. General Phenomena 29 



b. Semipermeable Membranes and Osmosis 30 



c. Force of Diffusion Osmotic Pressure 31 



B. CELL PERMEABILITY 33 



C. SURFACE TENSION AND RELATED PHENOMENA 35 



a. The surface film 35 



b. Forms of fluids produced by surface tension 36 



c. Principle of least or minimal surfaces 36 



d. Internal pressure due to curved films 37 



e. Changes in surface tension in fluids 37 



f. Surface tension between several substances 38 



g. Formation of films under the influence of surface 



tension 39 



h. Force of evaporation 40 



i. Amoeboid movement 40 







