ANATOMY OF THE GUSTATORY ORGAN 



125 



by Baginsky (1894), it has been confirmed by such a 

 number of observers, including Drasch (1887), Ranvier 

 (1888), Sandmeyer (1895), Meyer (1897) and others, that 

 it is now generally accepted. Both the right and the 

 left branches of this nerve innervate the median vallate 

 papilla in mammals and form at the base of this organ, 

 as Vastarini-Cresi (1915) has 

 shown, more or less of a gusta- 

 tory chiasma. The anterior two- 

 thirds of the tongue in man are 

 innervated by the lingual nerve 

 which is made up of a union of 

 the lingual branch of the trigem- 

 inal nerve with the chorda 

 tympani of the facial. It has 

 been an open question whether 

 the gustatory fibers for this part 

 of the tongue belong to the 

 trigeminal, to the facial, or 

 possibly even to the glosso- 

 pharyngeal, for all these nerves 

 intercommunicate through a 

 plexus of fine branches near their roots. F. Krause (1895) 

 noted the effect on taste of the complete extirpation of the 

 ganglion of the trigeminal nerve, and found that in some 

 instances taste was entirely obliterated from the appro- 

 priate part of the tongue, but that in others it was only 

 somewhat reduced. These differences do not appear in 

 the later and more conclusive work of Gushing (1903) 

 who found that, when time enough was given, all subjects 

 from whom the ganglion of the trigeminal nerve had 

 been removed, recovered taste completely. He attributed 



FIG. 34. Diagram of the 

 human tongue showing the parts 

 innervated by the lingual nerve 

 (horizontal lines), by the glosso 

 pharyngeal nerve (oblique lines), 

 and by the vagus nerve (small 

 circles). After Zander, 1897. 



