THE GYPSY MOTH APPENDIX. 67 



captured late in the evening, upon examination by Mr. 

 Kirklaml wore found to contain specimens of (JitlnxnuKi 

 caliiltttH intai-t, they having undoubtedly been s\vallo\vcd 

 only a short time previous. Calosoma frig id nm observed 

 in confinement has boon found to feed at night as well a- 

 during the day. These facts show that the members of this 

 genus under observation accomplish a great amount of good 

 by their nightly raids against injurious insects. 



Bearing in mind the fact that the gypsy moth caterpillars 

 feed at night and seek shelter during the day, and that these 

 beetles are active, climbing the trees at night, and are also 

 busy >e;iivhing out food in sheltered places during the day, 

 we are led to believe that they are most valuable allies. 

 The feeding habits of the different species vary somewhat, 

 although all have been taken on the trunks of trees and 

 under burlaps during the day. As a rule the number of 

 gypsy moth Iarva3 killed on the trees depends upon the size 

 and agility of the beetles. In point of efficiency they rank 

 in the following order: frigidum, cdlidum and scrutator; 

 fri'jiilnni is most skilful in this respect, and has been ob- 

 served not only to feed on a vertical surface but to support 

 itself and feed on the under side of a horizontal branch. A 

 rise in temperature seems to stimulate their activity and the 

 desire for food. Specimens of Calosoma frig idum observed 

 in confinement during very hot weather were more active, 

 ate more and laid a greater number of eggs than when the 

 weather was cooler. When the temperature fell still lower 

 they sought the ground, ate very little and seldom laid 

 eggs. As far as observed, the members of this group de- 

 pend entirely on their well-developed legs as a means of 

 locomotion, although both sexes offrigidum have been ob- 

 served to vibrate their hind wings in confinement, but when 

 thrown in the air thev do not make the slightest effort to 



*/ O 



fly. 



Specimens of O. frigidum while confined in cages have 

 been fed. in addition to the gypsy moth larva-, pupa- and 

 imagoes, the following caterpillars, which they ate freely : 



Euvanessa antiopa, Grapfa progne (V), Protoparce celettx, 

 Hyphantria cunea, Enchcstes egle, Ilalesidota caryce, 11. 

 maculafa, Orgyia definita (pupa also), O. Uncostly ma 



